Solanum mauritianum |
Solanum tampicense |
|
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earleaf nightshade |
aquatic soda apple, scrambling nightshade |
|
Habit | Shrubs or small trees, erect, unarmed, 2–12 m, densely pubescent, hairs white, sessile to long-stalked, stellate to echinoid. | Shrubs, scandent, branches 1–2+ m, moderately to densely armed, prickles yellow, recurved, 2–8 mm, glabrate to sparsely pubescent, hairs tan to reddish, stellate, 3–6-rayed, central ray equal to lateral rays. |
Leaves | petiolate; petiole 1–8 cm; blade simple, elliptic to ovate, 11–31 × 4–14 cm, margins entire, base acute, often with smaller axillary leaves. |
petiolate; petiole 1–4 cm; blade simple, ovate, 4–16 × 2–6 cm, margins shallowly to moderately lobed with 2–5 lobes per side, lobe margins entire, base cuneate and slightly decurrent. |
Inflorescences | terminal, becoming leaf-opposed, much-branched, 50–100-flowered, 5–24 cm. |
extra-axillary, unbranched, 3–10-flowered, 1–4 cm. |
Pedicels | erect and 0.2–0.5 cm in flower and fruit. |
0.5–2 cm in flower and fruit. |
Flowers | radially symmetric; calyx slightly accrescent, unarmed, 4–7.5 mm, densely pubescent, lobes deltate; corolla purple, stellate-pentagonal, 1–1.5 cm diam., with abundant interpetalar tissue; stamens equal; anthers oblong, 2–3.5 mm, dehiscent by terminal pores that open into longitudinal slits; ovary tomentose. |
radially symmetric; calyx not accrescent, sometimes prickly, 2–5 mm, glabrous, lobes narrowly triangular; corolla white to cream, stellate, 1.5–2 cm diam., without interpetalar tissue; stamens equal; anthers narrow and tapered, 4–6 mm, dehiscent by terminal pores; ovary glabrous. |
Berries | yellow, globose, 1–1.5 cm diam., tomentose, without sclerotic granules. |
red, globose, 0.5–0.8 cm diam., glabrous, without sclerotic granules. |
Seeds | yellowish brown, flattened, 1.5–2.5 × 1.5–2 mm, minutely pitted. |
yellow, flattened, 1.5–2 × 1–1.5 mm, minutely pitted and ridged. |
2n | = 24. |
|
Solanum mauritianum |
Solanum tampicense |
|
Phenology | Flowering Mar–Jul. | Flowering Feb–Dec. |
Habitat | Disturbed sites. | Swamps, riverbanks, wet areas. |
Elevation | 0–500 m. (0–1600 ft.) | 0–200 m. (0–700 ft.) |
Distribution |
CA; FL; South America (Brazil, Uruguay) [Introduced also in Asia (India), Africa, Atlantic Islands, Indian Ocean Islands, Pacific Islands, Australia] |
FL; TX; Mexico; Central America; West Indies (Cuba, Lesser Antilles); South America (Colombia, Venezuela) [Introduced in North America] |
Discussion | In Florida, Solanum mauritianum has become naturalized and common only at one site in Pasco County. It also occurs frequently in southern California from Santa Barbara south to San Diego with urban waifs in the Bay Area. It appears to be spreading into relatively undisturbed riparian areas in the San Gabriel Mountains and may become a widespread pest. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
In the flora area, Solanum tampicense is found in central and southern Florida. A single population was found in 2016 in Cameron County, Texas. It was first collected in Florida in 1983, and although not common, it has the potential to become invasive. It is listed by the United States federal government and several states as a noxious weed. It is a species of riverbanks and swamps, where it can form impenetrable, spiny thickets. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 14. | FNA vol. 14. |
Parent taxa | Solanaceae > Solanum | Solanaceae > Solanum |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | S. auriculatum | |
Name authority | Scopoli: Delic. Fl. Faun. Insubr. 3: 16, plate 8. (1788) | Dunal in A. P. de Candolle and A. L. P. P. de Candolle: Prodr. 13(1): 284. (1852) |
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