Solanum mauritianum |
Solanum sisymbriifolium |
|
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earleaf nightshade |
sticky nightshade, viscid nightshade |
|
Habit | Shrubs or small trees, erect, unarmed, 2–12 m, densely pubescent, hairs white, sessile to long-stalked, stellate to echinoid. | Herbs, annual, erect, sparsely to moderately armed, 1–1.5 m, prickles yellow, straight or curved, 1–15 mm, densely pubescent, hairs unbranched, glandular and stellate, sessile, 4–7-rayed, central ray glandular or eglandular, longer than lateral rays. |
Leaves | petiolate; petiole 1–8 cm; blade simple, elliptic to ovate, 11–31 × 4–14 cm, margins entire, base acute, often with smaller axillary leaves. |
petiolate; petiole 2–5 cm; blade simple to compound, broadly ovate, 8–15 × 3–8.5 cm, margins deeply lobed to divided with 4–7 lobes or leaflets per side, lobes or leaflets with rounded to acute lobes, base acute or cordate. |
Inflorescences | terminal, becoming leaf-opposed, much-branched, 50–100-flowered, 5–24 cm. |
extra-axillary, unbranched, 4–11-flowered, 4–15 cm. |
Pedicels | erect and 0.2–0.5 cm in flower and fruit. |
0.5–1 cm in flower, 1.5–2.5 cm in fruit. |
Flowers | radially symmetric; calyx slightly accrescent, unarmed, 4–7.5 mm, densely pubescent, lobes deltate; corolla purple, stellate-pentagonal, 1–1.5 cm diam., with abundant interpetalar tissue; stamens equal; anthers oblong, 2–3.5 mm, dehiscent by terminal pores that open into longitudinal slits; ovary tomentose. |
radially symmetric; calyx accrescent, moderately prickly, 6–9 mm, densely pubescent, hairs simple or sessile and stellate, glandular and eglandular, lobes subtending to almost completely and loosely covering fruit at maturity, deltate; corolla white or pale blue, rotate-pentagonal, 2–3 cm diam., with abundant interpetalar tissue; stamens equal or nearly so; anthers narrow and tapered, 8–10 mm, dehiscent by terminal pores; ovary glabrous to sparsely glandular-pubescent. |
Berries | yellow, globose, 1–1.5 cm diam., tomentose, without sclerotic granules. |
bright red, globose, 1–2 cm diam., glabrous to sparsely glandular-pubescent, juicy, without sclerotic granules. |
Seeds | yellowish brown, flattened, 1.5–2.5 × 1.5–2 mm, minutely pitted. |
pale yellow, plump, 3–3.5 × 2–3 mm, minutely pitted. |
2n | = 24. |
= 24. |
Solanum mauritianum |
Solanum sisymbriifolium |
|
Phenology | Flowering Mar–Jul. | Flowering Feb–Oct. |
Habitat | Disturbed sites. | Disturbed sites. |
Elevation | 0–500 m. (0–1600 ft.) | 0–100 m. (0–300 ft.) |
Distribution |
CA; FL; South America (Brazil, Uruguay) [Introduced also in Asia (India), Africa, Atlantic Islands, Indian Ocean Islands, Pacific Islands, Australia] |
AL; AZ; CA; DE; FL; GA; LA; MA; MS; NC; NJ; NY; PA; SC; TX; VA; ON; South America (Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Paraguay) [Introduced in North America; introduced also in Mexico, Central America (Costa Rica), nw South America, Europe, Asia (China, India), Africa]
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Discussion | In Florida, Solanum mauritianum has become naturalized and common only at one site in Pasco County. It also occurs frequently in southern California from Santa Barbara south to San Diego with urban waifs in the Bay Area. It appears to be spreading into relatively undisturbed riparian areas in the San Gabriel Mountains and may become a widespread pest. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
The bright red fruits of Solanum sisymbriifolium are edible, and the plants are used in pest control and as a nematode and beetle trap in Europe and the United Kingdom; however, cultivation of this species should be discouraged due to its invasive potential. Reports of this species from Oregon are old; it is not naturalized there. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 14. | FNA vol. 14. |
Parent taxa | Solanaceae > Solanum | Solanaceae > Solanum |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | S. auriculatum | |
Name authority | Scopoli: Delic. Fl. Faun. Insubr. 3: 16, plate 8. (1788) | Lamarck: Tabl. Encycl. 2: 25. (1794) — (as sisymbrifolium) |
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