Solanum mauritianum |
Solanum lycopersicum |
|
|---|---|---|
| earleaf nightshade |
garden tomato, tomate, tomato |
|
| Habit | Shrubs or small trees, erect, unarmed, 2–12 m, densely pubescent, hairs white, sessile to long-stalked, stellate to echinoid. | Herbs, annual, erect or scandent, unarmed, ca. 0.5–1.5 m, moderately to densely pubescent, hairs simple, glandular and eglandular. |
| Leaves | petiolate; petiole 1–8 cm; blade simple, elliptic to ovate, 11–31 × 4–14 cm, margins entire, base acute, often with smaller axillary leaves. |
petiolate; petiole 2–10 cm; blade compound, elliptic, 10–30+ × 5–25 cm, margins divided with 3(–5) pairs of leaflets, interspersed with smaller interjected leaflets, leaflet margins toothed, base truncate to cordate. |
| Inflorescences | terminal, becoming leaf-opposed, much-branched, 50–100-flowered, 5–24 cm. |
lateral, extra-axillary, simple or rarely forked, 4–15-flowered, to 10 cm. |
| Pedicels | erect and 0.2–0.5 cm in flower and fruit. |
articulated near middle, 0.5–2 cm in flower, to 3 cm in fruit. |
| Flowers | radially symmetric; calyx slightly accrescent, unarmed, 4–7.5 mm, densely pubescent, lobes deltate; corolla purple, stellate-pentagonal, 1–1.5 cm diam., with abundant interpetalar tissue; stamens equal; anthers oblong, 2–3.5 mm, dehiscent by terminal pores that open into longitudinal slits; ovary tomentose. |
radially symmetric; calyx accrescent, unarmed, 5–25 mm, lobes 5–7, lanceolate-acuminate; corolla yellow, pentagonal to stellate, 1–3 cm diam., with interpetalar tissue at margins and bases of lobes; stamens equal; anthers narrow and tapered, 6–11 mm, each with a sterile apical appendage, dehiscent by oblong pores that open into introrse, longitudinal slits; ovary glabrous or glandular-puberulent. |
| Berries | yellow, globose, 1–1.5 cm diam., tomentose, without sclerotic granules. |
usually red, orange, or yellow, globose to ellipsoid or obovoid, 1.5–12 cm diam., glabrous, without sclerotic granules. |
| Seeds | yellowish brown, flattened, 1.5–2.5 × 1.5–2 mm, minutely pitted. |
pale brown, flattened, 2–4 × 1.5–2 mm, pubescent. |
| 2n | = 24. |
= 24. |
Solanum mauritianum |
Solanum lycopersicum |
|
| Phenology | Flowering Mar–Jul. | Flowering year-round in Fla., May–frost elsewhere. |
| Habitat | Disturbed sites. | Disturbed habitats, rich soils. |
| Elevation | 0–500 m. [0–1600 ft.] | 0–2000 m. [0–6600 ft.] |
| Distribution |
CA; FL; South America (Brazil, Uruguay) [Introduced also in Asia (India), Africa, Atlantic Islands, Indian Ocean Islands, Pacific Islands, Australia] |
South America [Introduced in North America; introduced also in temperate and tropical countries worldwide]
|
| Discussion | In Florida, Solanum mauritianum has become naturalized and common only at one site in Pasco County. It also occurs frequently in southern California from Santa Barbara south to San Diego with urban waifs in the Bay Area. It appears to be spreading into relatively undisturbed riparian areas in the San Gabriel Mountains and may become a widespread pest. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
The tomato is a major agricultural crop and is commonly grown in home gardens. The fruits can have a variety of shapes, sizes, colors, and flavors and are used raw or cooked in a vast array of dishes. Other parts of the plants are considered to be poisonous. The flowers can commonly be six- to eight-merous, especially in varieties selected for very large fruits. The ancestors of Solanum lycopersicum were originally from western South America, but the species is now known only from cultivation. Tomatoes frequently escape from cultivation or germinate in compost piles or garbage dumps but are very susceptible to frost, rarely persist, and are not invasive, even in warm climates. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
| Parent taxa | ||
| Sibling taxa | ||
| Synonyms | S. auriculatum | Lycopersicon esculentum, L. lycopersicum, L. esculentum var. cerasiforme, S. lycopersicum var. cerasiforme |
| Name authority | Scopoli: Delic. Fl. Faun. Insubr. 3: 16, plate 8. (1788) | Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 1: 185. (1753) |
| Source | FNA vol. 14. | FNA vol. 14. |
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