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earleaf nightshade

garden tomato, tomate, tomato

Habit Shrubs or small trees, erect, unarmed, 2–12 m, densely pubescent, hairs white, sessile to long-stalked, stellate to echinoid. Herbs, annual, erect or scandent, unarmed, ca. 0.5–1.5 m, moderately to densely pubescent, hairs simple, glandular and eglandular.
Leaves

petiolate;

petiole 1–8 cm;

blade simple, elliptic to ovate, 11–31 × 4–14 cm, margins entire, base acute, often with smaller axillary leaves.

petiolate;

petiole 2–10 cm;

blade compound, elliptic, 10–30+ × 5–25 cm, margins divided with 3(–5) pairs of leaflets, interspersed with smaller interjected leaflets, leaflet margins toothed, base truncate to cordate.

Inflorescences

terminal, becoming leaf-opposed, much-branched, 50–100-flowered, 5–24 cm.

lateral, extra-axillary, simple or rarely forked, 4–15-flowered, to 10 cm.

Pedicels

erect and 0.2–0.5 cm in flower and fruit.

articulated near middle, 0.5–2 cm in flower, to 3 cm in fruit.

Flowers

radially symmetric;

calyx slightly accrescent, unarmed, 4–7.5 mm, densely pubescent, lobes deltate;

corolla purple, stellate-pentagonal, 1–1.5 cm diam., with abundant interpetalar tissue;

stamens equal;

anthers oblong, 2–3.5 mm, dehiscent by terminal pores that open into longitudinal slits;

ovary tomentose.

radially symmetric;

calyx accrescent, unarmed, 5–25 mm, lobes 5–7, lanceolate-acuminate;

corolla yellow, pentagonal to stellate, 1–3 cm diam., with interpetalar tissue at margins and bases of lobes;

stamens equal;

anthers narrow and tapered, 6–11 mm, each with a sterile apical appendage, dehiscent by oblong pores that open into introrse, longitudinal slits;

ovary glabrous or glandular-puberulent.

Berries

yellow, globose, 1–1.5 cm diam., tomentose, without sclerotic granules.

usually red, orange, or yellow, globose to ellipsoid or obovoid, 1.5–12 cm diam., glabrous, without sclerotic granules.

Seeds

yellowish brown, flattened, 1.5–2.5 × 1.5–2 mm, minutely pitted.

pale brown, flattened, 2–4 × 1.5–2 mm, pubescent.

2n

= 24.

= 24.

Solanum mauritianum

Solanum lycopersicum

Phenology Flowering Mar–Jul. Flowering year-round in Fla., May–frost elsewhere.
Habitat Disturbed sites. Disturbed habitats, rich soils.
Elevation 0–500 m. [0–1600 ft.] 0–2000 m. [0–6600 ft.]
Distribution
from FNA
CA; FL; South America (Brazil, Uruguay) [Introduced also in Asia (India), Africa, Atlantic Islands, Indian Ocean Islands, Pacific Islands, Australia]
[BONAP county map]
from USDA
South America [Introduced in North America; introduced also in temperate and tropical countries worldwide]
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

In Florida, Solanum mauritianum has become naturalized and common only at one site in Pasco County. It also occurs frequently in southern California from Santa Barbara south to San Diego with urban waifs in the Bay Area. It appears to be spreading into relatively undisturbed riparian areas in the San Gabriel Mountains and may become a widespread pest.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

The tomato is a major agricultural crop and is commonly grown in home gardens. The fruits can have a variety of shapes, sizes, colors, and flavors and are used raw or cooked in a vast array of dishes. Other parts of the plants are considered to be poisonous. The flowers can commonly be six- to eight-merous, especially in varieties selected for very large fruits.

The ancestors of Solanum lycopersicum were originally from western South America, but the species is now known only from cultivation. Tomatoes frequently escape from cultivation or germinate in compost piles or garbage dumps but are very susceptible to frost, rarely persist, and are not invasive, even in warm climates.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Parent taxa Solanaceae > Solanum Solanaceae > Solanum
Sibling taxa
S. americanum, S. aviculare, S. bahamense, S. campechiense, S. capsicoides, S. carolinense, S. chenopodioides, S. citrullifolium, S. cordicitum, S. davisense, S. deflexum, S. dimidiatum, S. diphyllum, S. donianum, S. douglasii, S. dulcamara, S. elaeagnifolium, S. emulans, S. erianthum, S. furcatum, S. hindsianum, S. interius, S. jamaicense, S. jamesii, S. laciniatum, S. lanceolatum, S. lumholtzianum, S. lycopersicum, S. marginatum, S. nigrescens, S. nigrum, S. nitidibaccatum, S. novomexicanum, S. perplexum, S. pseudocapsicum, S. pseudogracile, S. pumilum, S. rostratum, S. sarrachoides, S. seaforthianum, S. setigeroides, S. sisymbriifolium, S. stoloniferum, S. tampicense, S. tenuipes, S. torvum, S. triflorum, S. triquetrum, S. umbelliferum, S. viarum, S. wallacei
S. americanum, S. aviculare, S. bahamense, S. campechiense, S. capsicoides, S. carolinense, S. chenopodioides, S. citrullifolium, S. cordicitum, S. davisense, S. deflexum, S. dimidiatum, S. diphyllum, S. donianum, S. douglasii, S. dulcamara, S. elaeagnifolium, S. emulans, S. erianthum, S. furcatum, S. hindsianum, S. interius, S. jamaicense, S. jamesii, S. laciniatum, S. lanceolatum, S. lumholtzianum, S. marginatum, S. mauritianum, S. nigrescens, S. nigrum, S. nitidibaccatum, S. novomexicanum, S. perplexum, S. pseudocapsicum, S. pseudogracile, S. pumilum, S. rostratum, S. sarrachoides, S. seaforthianum, S. setigeroides, S. sisymbriifolium, S. stoloniferum, S. tampicense, S. tenuipes, S. torvum, S. triflorum, S. triquetrum, S. umbelliferum, S. viarum, S. wallacei
Synonyms S. auriculatum Lycopersicon esculentum, L. lycopersicum, L. esculentum var. cerasiforme, S. lycopersicum var. cerasiforme
Name authority Scopoli: Delic. Fl. Faun. Insubr. 3: 16, plate 8. (1788) Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 1: 185. (1753)
Source FNA vol. 14. Treatment authors: Lynn Bohs1, 1The author wishes to acknowledge co-authorship with David M. Spooner† on S. jamesii and S. stoloniferum and with Sandra Knapp and Tiina Särkinen on the black nightshade species.. FNA vol. 14. Treatment authors: Lynn Bohs1, 1The author wishes to acknowledge co-authorship with David M. Spooner† on S. jamesii and S. stoloniferum and with Sandra Knapp and Tiina Särkinen on the black nightshade species..
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