Solanum mauritianum |
Solanum lanceolatum |
|
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earleaf nightshade |
lance leaf nightshade, orangeberry nightshade |
|
Habit | Shrubs or small trees, erect, unarmed, 2–12 m, densely pubescent, hairs white, sessile to long-stalked, stellate to echinoid. | Shrubs or small trees, erect, sparsely armed, 1–2(–3.5) m, prickles brownish, straight or recurved, to 10 mm, moderately to densely bright white-pubescent, hairs sessile to short-stalked, stellate, 5–8-rayed, central ray shorter than lateral rays. |
Leaves | petiolate; petiole 1–8 cm; blade simple, elliptic to ovate, 11–31 × 4–14 cm, margins entire, base acute, often with smaller axillary leaves. |
petiolate; petiole 1.5–4 cm; blade simple, ovate to elliptic, 5–25 × 3–15 cm, margins entire to shallowly lobed with 2–4 lobes per side, lobe margins entire to undulate, base obtuse to cordate. |
Inflorescences | terminal, becoming leaf-opposed, much-branched, 50–100-flowered, 5–24 cm. |
extra-axillary, usually much-branched, 10–20-flowered, to 10 cm. |
Pedicels | erect and 0.2–0.5 cm in flower and fruit. |
0.5–1 cm in flower, erect and 1–2 cm in fruit. |
Flowers | radially symmetric; calyx slightly accrescent, unarmed, 4–7.5 mm, densely pubescent, lobes deltate; corolla purple, stellate-pentagonal, 1–1.5 cm diam., with abundant interpetalar tissue; stamens equal; anthers oblong, 2–3.5 mm, dehiscent by terminal pores that open into longitudinal slits; ovary tomentose. |
radially symmetric; calyx not accrescent, unarmed, 5–8 mm, densely stellate-pubescent, lobes triangular; corolla usually blue to purple, rarely whitish, stellate to rotate-stellate, 2.5–4 cm diam., with abundant interpetalar tissue; stamens equal; anthers narrow and tapered, 6–8 mm, dehiscent by terminal pores; ovary glabrous to stellate-pubescent. |
Berries | yellow, globose, 1–1.5 cm diam., tomentose, without sclerotic granules. |
yellow to orange, globose, 0.7–1.5 cm diam., stellate-pubescent at apex, without sclerotic granules. |
Seeds | yellowish brown, flattened, 1.5–2.5 × 1.5–2 mm, minutely pitted. |
yellow to light brown, flattened, 2.5–3 × 2–2.5 mm, minutely pitted. |
2n | = 24. |
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Solanum mauritianum |
Solanum lanceolatum |
|
Phenology | Flowering Mar–Jul. | Flowering Apr–Aug. |
Habitat | Disturbed sites. | Disturbed sites. |
Elevation | 0–500 m. (0–1600 ft.) | 0–400 m. (0–1300 ft.) |
Distribution |
CA; FL; South America (Brazil, Uruguay) [Introduced also in Asia (India), Africa, Atlantic Islands, Indian Ocean Islands, Pacific Islands, Australia] |
CA; Mexico; Central America
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Discussion | In Florida, Solanum mauritianum has become naturalized and common only at one site in Pasco County. It also occurs frequently in southern California from Santa Barbara south to San Diego with urban waifs in the Bay Area. It appears to be spreading into relatively undisturbed riparian areas in the San Gabriel Mountains and may become a widespread pest. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Solanum lanceolatum is naturalized along the California coast and inland in central and southern California, where it is listed as a noxious weed by the California Department of Agriculture. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 14. | FNA vol. 14. |
Parent taxa | Solanaceae > Solanum | Solanaceae > Solanum |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | S. auriculatum | |
Name authority | Scopoli: Delic. Fl. Faun. Insubr. 3: 16, plate 8. (1788) | Cavanilles: Icon. 3: 23, plate 245. (1795) |
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