Solanum mauritianum |
Solanum interius |
|
---|---|---|
earleaf nightshade |
deadly nightshade, plains black nightshade, plains black or deadly nightshade |
|
Habit | Shrubs or small trees, erect, unarmed, 2–12 m, densely pubescent, hairs white, sessile to long-stalked, stellate to echinoid. | Herbs or shrubs, annual to short-lived perennial, erect, unarmed, to 1 m, sparsely to densely pubescent, hairs unbranched, usually to 1 mm, eglandular. |
Leaves | petiolate; petiole 1–8 cm; blade simple, elliptic to ovate, 11–31 × 4–14 cm, margins entire, base acute, often with smaller axillary leaves. |
petiolate; petiole 0.5–3.5 cm; blade simple, ovate to ovate-lanceolate, 4.5–11 × 2.5–7 cm, margins entire to sinuate-dentate, base cuneate to rounded or slightly decurrent. |
Inflorescences | terminal, becoming leaf-opposed, much-branched, 50–100-flowered, 5–24 cm. |
extra-axillary, unbranched, (2–)3–8-flowered, 2.5–3.5 cm. |
Pedicels | erect and 0.2–0.5 cm in flower and fruit. |
spreading in flower, recurved to reflexed in fruit, 0.5–1 cm in flower and fruit. |
Flowers | radially symmetric; calyx slightly accrescent, unarmed, 4–7.5 mm, densely pubescent, lobes deltate; corolla purple, stellate-pentagonal, 1–1.5 cm diam., with abundant interpetalar tissue; stamens equal; anthers oblong, 2–3.5 mm, dehiscent by terminal pores that open into longitudinal slits; ovary tomentose. |
radially symmetric; calyx not accrescent, unarmed, 2–5 mm, sparsely pubescent, lobes lanceolate, sometimes reflexed in fruit; corolla white, sometimes tinged with purple, with yellowish central star, stellate, 0.5–1 cm diam., without interpetalar tissue; stamens equal; anthers ellipsoidal, 1.8–2.5 mm, dehiscent by terminal pores that open into longitudinal slits; ovary glabrous. |
Berries | yellow, globose, 1–1.5 cm diam., tomentose, without sclerotic granules. |
shiny purplish black, globose, 1–1.5 cm diam., glabrous, with 2–4 sclerotic granules. |
Seeds | yellowish brown, flattened, 1.5–2.5 × 1.5–2 mm, minutely pitted. |
yellowish to brown, flattened, 1.8–2 × 1.5–1.6 mm, finely reticulate. |
2n | = 24. |
= 24. |
Solanum mauritianum |
Solanum interius |
|
Phenology | Flowering Mar–Jul. | Flowering Jun–Oct. |
Habitat | Disturbed sites. | Pastures, open woodlands, stream valleys, thickets, disturbed areas, sandy soils. |
Elevation | 0–500 m. (0–1600 ft.) | (100–)500–2500 m. ((300–)1600–8200 ft.) |
Distribution |
CA; FL; South America (Brazil, Uruguay) [Introduced also in Asia (India), Africa, Atlantic Islands, Indian Ocean Islands, Pacific Islands, Australia] |
CO; IA; ID; KS; MT; ND; NE; NM; NV; OK; SD; TX; UT; WY
|
Discussion | In Florida, Solanum mauritianum has become naturalized and common only at one site in Pasco County. It also occurs frequently in southern California from Santa Barbara south to San Diego with urban waifs in the Bay Area. It appears to be spreading into relatively undisturbed riparian areas in the San Gabriel Mountains and may become a widespread pest. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Solanum interius is endemic to North America and is most common in the Great Plains and eastern Rocky Mountains. Distinctive characters are the basal flower with its pedicel articulated above the base and the very large seeds. In Texas, S. interius can be very difficult to distinguish from S. nigrescens, but S. interius usually has longer calyx lobes. Records of S. interius from Saskatchewan are actually S. emulans. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 14. | FNA vol. 14. |
Parent taxa | Solanaceae > Solanum | Solanaceae > Solanum |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | S. auriculatum | S. nigrum |
Name authority | Scopoli: Delic. Fl. Faun. Insubr. 3: 16, plate 8. (1788) | Rydberg: Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 31: 641. (1905) |
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