Solanum mauritianum |
Solanum hindsianum |
|
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earleaf nightshade |
Hinds' nightshade, Hinds' or Baja or Sonoran nightshade |
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Habit | Shrubs or small trees, erect, unarmed, 2–12 m, densely pubescent, hairs white, sessile to long-stalked, stellate to echinoid. | Shrubs, erect, unarmed to sparsely armed, 0.5–3 m, prickles reddish brown, straight, 2–15 mm, densely silvery-pubescent, hairs sessile to short-stalked, stellate, 8–12-rayed, central ray shorter than or equal to lateral rays. |
Leaves | petiolate; petiole 1–8 cm; blade simple, elliptic to ovate, 11–31 × 4–14 cm, margins entire, base acute, often with smaller axillary leaves. |
petiolate; petioles 0.5–1.5 cm; blade simple, ovate to elliptic, (1–)2–6.5 × (0.5–)1–3(–4.5) cm, margins entire or undulate, base rounded to truncate and usually oblique. |
Inflorescences | terminal, becoming leaf-opposed, much-branched, 50–100-flowered, 5–24 cm. |
extra-axillary, unbranched, 3–4-flowered, 3–4 cm. |
Pedicels | erect and 0.2–0.5 cm in flower and fruit. |
0.4–1.5 cm in flower, erect and 1–2 cm in fruit. |
Flowers | radially symmetric; calyx slightly accrescent, unarmed, 4–7.5 mm, densely pubescent, lobes deltate; corolla purple, stellate-pentagonal, 1–1.5 cm diam., with abundant interpetalar tissue; stamens equal; anthers oblong, 2–3.5 mm, dehiscent by terminal pores that open into longitudinal slits; ovary tomentose. |
radially symmetric; calyx not accrescent, unarmed, 8–10(–20) mm, densely stellate-pubescent, lobes long-triangular to linear-lanceolate; corolla violet, pentagonal, 2.5–4(–5) cm diam., with abundant interpetalar tissue; stamens equal or slightly unequal; anthers narrow and tapered, 6–10 mm, dehiscent by terminal pores; ovary glabrous. |
Berries | yellow, globose, 1–1.5 cm diam., tomentose, without sclerotic granules. |
light green, sometimes with darker mottling, drying dark brown or reddish brown, globose, 1–1.5(–2) cm diam., glabrous, cracking open to expose seeds, without sclerotic granules. |
Seeds | yellowish brown, flattened, 1.5–2.5 × 1.5–2 mm, minutely pitted. |
dark brown, flattened, 2–3 mm diam., minutely pitted. |
2n | = 24. |
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Solanum mauritianum |
Solanum hindsianum |
|
Phenology | Flowering Mar–Jul. | Flowering Jan–Mar. |
Habitat | Disturbed sites. | Rocky soils, hillsides. |
Elevation | 0–500 m. (0–1600 ft.) | 500–600 m. (1600–2000 ft.) |
Distribution |
CA; FL; South America (Brazil, Uruguay) [Introduced also in Asia (India), Africa, Atlantic Islands, Indian Ocean Islands, Pacific Islands, Australia] |
AZ; Mexico (Baja California, Baja California Sur, Sinaloa, Sonora)
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Discussion | In Florida, Solanum mauritianum has become naturalized and common only at one site in Pasco County. It also occurs frequently in southern California from Santa Barbara south to San Diego with urban waifs in the Bay Area. It appears to be spreading into relatively undisturbed riparian areas in the San Gabriel Mountains and may become a widespread pest. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Solanum hindsianum is endemic to the Sonoran Desert of extreme southern Arizona and northern Mexico. In Arizona, it is known only from Organ Pipe Cactus National Monument. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 14. | FNA vol. 14. |
Parent taxa | Solanaceae > Solanum | Solanaceae > Solanum |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | S. auriculatum | |
Name authority | Scopoli: Delic. Fl. Faun. Insubr. 3: 16, plate 8. (1788) | Bentham: Bot. Voy. Sulphur, 39. (1844) |
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