Solanum mauritianum |
Solanum deflexum |
|
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earleaf nightshade |
sonoita nightshade |
|
Habit | Shrubs or small trees, erect, unarmed, 2–12 m, densely pubescent, hairs white, sessile to long-stalked, stellate to echinoid. | Herbs, annual, erect, unarmed, 0.1–0.3(–0.4) m, sparsely to densely pubescent, hairs 1–2-celled, unbranched, 1–2 mm, eglandular. |
Leaves | petiolate; petiole 1–8 cm; blade simple, elliptic to ovate, 11–31 × 4–14 cm, margins entire, base acute, often with smaller axillary leaves. |
petiolate; petiole 0.5–2 cm; blade simple, elliptic to elliptic-ovoid, 1–4.5 × 0.5–2.5 cm, margins entire, base rounded to obtuse and often decurrent. |
Inflorescences | terminal, becoming leaf-opposed, much-branched, 50–100-flowered, 5–24 cm. |
nearly sessile, extra-axillary or subopposite leaves, unbranched, racemelike, 1–5-flowered. |
Pedicels | erect and 0.2–0.5 cm in flower and fruit. |
0.5–1.2 cm in flower, 1–2 mm and spreading or nodding in fruit. |
Flowers | radially symmetric; calyx slightly accrescent, unarmed, 4–7.5 mm, densely pubescent, lobes deltate; corolla purple, stellate-pentagonal, 1–1.5 cm diam., with abundant interpetalar tissue; stamens equal; anthers oblong, 2–3.5 mm, dehiscent by terminal pores that open into longitudinal slits; ovary tomentose. |
radially symmetric; calyx not accrescent, unarmed, 3–9 mm, moderately to densely pubescent, lobes linear-lanceolate; corolla white, rotate, 0.5–1 cm diam., with abundant interpetalar tissue; stamens equal; anthers oblong, slightly tapered, 1.5–3 mm, dehiscent by terminal pores that open into longitudinal slits; ovary glabrous. |
Berries | yellow, globose, 1–1.5 cm diam., tomentose, without sclerotic granules. |
white to greenish and semitransparent, globose, 5–12 mm diam., glabrous, without sclerotic granules. |
Seeds | yellowish brown, flattened, 1.5–2.5 × 1.5–2 mm, minutely pitted. |
light brown, somewhat flattened, ca. 2.5 × 1.5 mm, notched where connected to placenta, ridged. |
2n | = 24. |
|
Solanum mauritianum |
Solanum deflexum |
|
Phenology | Flowering Mar–Jul. | Flowering Aug–Sep. |
Habitat | Disturbed sites. | Sandy soils in grazed areas, roadsides, disturbed areas in dry forests. |
Elevation | 0–500 m. (0–1600 ft.) | 1000–1700 m. (3300–5600 ft.) |
Distribution |
CA; FL; South America (Brazil, Uruguay) [Introduced also in Asia (India), Africa, Atlantic Islands, Indian Ocean Islands, Pacific Islands, Australia] |
AZ; Mexico; Central America (Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua) |
Discussion | In Florida, Solanum mauritianum has become naturalized and common only at one site in Pasco County. It also occurs frequently in southern California from Santa Barbara south to San Diego with urban waifs in the Bay Area. It appears to be spreading into relatively undisturbed riparian areas in the San Gabriel Mountains and may become a widespread pest. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Solanum deflexum occurs sporadically in southeastern Arizona (Cochise, Pima, Pinal, and Santa Cruz counties). It is unique in its fruits with explosive dehiscence. As the berries mature, they build up turgor pressure until they burst, propelling seeds up to several feet from the parent plant. Plants of S. deflexum were often identified as S. adscendens Sendtner (M. Nee 1989), a distinct species found only in South America (S. Stern et al. 2013). (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 14. | FNA vol. 14. |
Parent taxa | Solanaceae > Solanum | Solanaceae > Solanum |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | S. auriculatum | Salpichroa wrightii |
Name authority | Scopoli: Delic. Fl. Faun. Insubr. 3: 16, plate 8. (1788) | Greenman: Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 32: 301. (1897) |
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