Solanum mauritianum |
Solanum capsicoides |
|
---|---|---|
earleaf nightshade |
cockroach berry |
|
Habit | Shrubs or small trees, erect, unarmed, 2–12 m, densely pubescent, hairs white, sessile to long-stalked, stellate to echinoid. | Shrubs, erect, sparsely to densely armed, 0.3–1(–2) m, prickles yellowish, straight or slightly reflexed, to 15 mm, glabrate to moderately pubescent, hairs spreading, unbranched, eglandular. |
Leaves | petiolate; petiole 1–8 cm; blade simple, elliptic to ovate, 11–31 × 4–14 cm, margins entire, base acute, often with smaller axillary leaves. |
petiolate; petiole 2–10(–13) cm; blade simple, broadly ovate, 4–15 × 4–15 cm, margins shallowly to deeply lobed with 2–3 lobes per side, lobe margins entire to coarsely lobed, base cordate. |
Inflorescences | terminal, becoming leaf-opposed, much-branched, 50–100-flowered, 5–24 cm. |
extra-axillary, ± sessile, unbranched, 1–7-flowered. |
Pedicels | erect and 0.2–0.5 cm in flower and fruit. |
ca. 1 cm in flower, 1.5–2 cm in fruit. |
Flowers | radially symmetric; calyx slightly accrescent, unarmed, 4–7.5 mm, densely pubescent, lobes deltate; corolla purple, stellate-pentagonal, 1–1.5 cm diam., with abundant interpetalar tissue; stamens equal; anthers oblong, 2–3.5 mm, dehiscent by terminal pores that open into longitudinal slits; ovary tomentose. |
radially symmetric; calyx somewhat accrescent, sometimes prickly, 4–6 mm, pubescent with minute glands and longer, simple, eglandular hairs, lobes triangular; corolla white, stellate, 1.5–2 cm diam., without interpetalar tissue; stamens equal; anthers narrow and tapered, 5–6.5 mm, dehiscent by terminal pores; ovary glabrous. |
Berries | yellow, globose, 1–1.5 cm diam., tomentose, without sclerotic granules. |
dull orange to red, globose, 2–4 cm diam., glabrous, without sclerotic granules. |
Seeds | yellowish brown, flattened, 1.5–2.5 × 1.5–2 mm, minutely pitted. |
yellow, flattened, winged at maturity, 4–6 × 4–6 mm, minutely pitted. |
2n | = 24. |
= 24. |
Solanum mauritianum |
Solanum capsicoides |
|
Phenology | Flowering Mar–Jul. | Flowering Apr–Oct (year-round in Fla.). |
Habitat | Disturbed sites. | Disturbed areas, sandy soils. |
Elevation | 0–500 m. (0–1600 ft.) | 0–1000 m. (0–3300 ft.) |
Distribution |
CA; FL; South America (Brazil, Uruguay) [Introduced also in Asia (India), Africa, Atlantic Islands, Indian Ocean Islands, Pacific Islands, Australia] |
FL; LA; MS; NC; SC; TX; South America (Brazil) [Introduced in North America; introduced also in West Indies, Central America, elsewhere in South America, Asia, Africa, Pacific Islands, Australia] |
Discussion | In Florida, Solanum mauritianum has become naturalized and common only at one site in Pasco County. It also occurs frequently in southern California from Santa Barbara south to San Diego with urban waifs in the Bay Area. It appears to be spreading into relatively undisturbed riparian areas in the San Gabriel Mountains and may become a widespread pest. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Solanum capsicoides is presumed native to coastal Brazil and is grown as an ornamental for its showy red fruits. It has spread from cultivation and become naturalized in tropical and subtropical climates. In the flora region, it is found particularly in Florida. The name S. aculeatissimum Jacquin has been misapplied to S. capsicoides (for example, J. K. Small 1913; A. E. Radford et al. 1968; D. S. Correll and M. C. Johnston 1970; R. W. Long and O. Lakela 1971). (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 14. | FNA vol. 14. |
Parent taxa | Solanaceae > Solanum | Solanaceae > Solanum |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | S. auriculatum | S. ciliatum |
Name authority | Scopoli: Delic. Fl. Faun. Insubr. 3: 16, plate 8. (1788) | Allioni: Auct. Syn. Meth. Stirp. Hort. Regii Taurin., 12. (1773) |
Web links |