Solanum mauritianum |
Solanum campechiense |
|
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earleaf nightshade |
redberry nightshade |
|
Habit | Shrubs or small trees, erect, unarmed, 2–12 m, densely pubescent, hairs white, sessile to long-stalked, stellate to echinoid. | Herbs, annual, usually spreading, densely armed, to 0.5(–1) m, prickles pale yellow, straight, to 10 mm, sparsely to densely tomentose, hairs nearly sessile to thick-stalked, stellate, 4–9-rayed, central ray equal to or slightly longer than lateral rays. |
Leaves | petiolate; petiole 1–8 cm; blade simple, elliptic to ovate, 11–31 × 4–14 cm, margins entire, base acute, often with smaller axillary leaves. |
petiolate; petiole 1–5 cm; blade simple, ovate, 4–13 × 3–12 cm, margins deeply lobed with 2–4 lobes per side, these with additional coarse, acute teeth or shallow lobes, base cordate. |
Inflorescences | terminal, becoming leaf-opposed, much-branched, 50–100-flowered, 5–24 cm. |
extra-axillary, unbranched, 1–3(–6)-flowered, 0.5–2(–5) cm. |
Pedicels | erect and 0.2–0.5 cm in flower and fruit. |
0.5–1 cm in flower, 1–2 cm in fruit. |
Flowers | radially symmetric; calyx slightly accrescent, unarmed, 4–7.5 mm, densely pubescent, lobes deltate; corolla purple, stellate-pentagonal, 1–1.5 cm diam., with abundant interpetalar tissue; stamens equal; anthers oblong, 2–3.5 mm, dehiscent by terminal pores that open into longitudinal slits; ovary tomentose. |
radially symmetric; calyx somewhat accrescent and partially covering fruit, densely prickly, 4–6 mm, densely stellate-pubescent, lobes narrowly triangular; corolla white, bluish white, blue, or lilac, rotate-campanulate, 1–1.5 cm diam., with abundant interpetalar tissue; stamens equal; anthers narrow and tapered, 2–5 mm, dehiscent by terminal pores; ovary glabrous. |
Berries | yellow, globose, 1–1.5 cm diam., tomentose, without sclerotic granules. |
purplish, greenish, or yellowish, globose, 1.5–2 cm diam., glabrous, without sclerotic granules. |
Seeds | yellowish brown, flattened, 1.5–2.5 × 1.5–2 mm, minutely pitted. |
yellowish brown, flattened, 1.8–3 × 1.4–2 mm, pustulate. |
2n | = 24. |
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Solanum mauritianum |
Solanum campechiense |
|
Phenology | Flowering Mar–Jul. | Flowering Feb–Dec. |
Habitat | Disturbed sites. | Muddy edges of ephemeral lakes and streams, tropical and subtropical dry forest. |
Elevation | 0–500 m. (0–1600 ft.) | 0–100 m. (0–300 ft.) |
Distribution |
CA; FL; South America (Brazil, Uruguay) [Introduced also in Asia (India), Africa, Atlantic Islands, Indian Ocean Islands, Pacific Islands, Australia] |
TX; Muddy edges of ephemeral lakes and streams; tropical and subtropical dry forest; Mexico (Chiapas, Jalisco, Oaxaca, Tamaulipas, Veracruz, Yucatán); West Indies; Central America (Belize, Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras); South America (Ecuador, Peru) |
Discussion | In Florida, Solanum mauritianum has become naturalized and common only at one site in Pasco County. It also occurs frequently in southern California from Santa Barbara south to San Diego with urban waifs in the Bay Area. It appears to be spreading into relatively undisturbed riparian areas in the San Gabriel Mountains and may become a widespread pest. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
In the flora region, Solanum campechiense is found in southernmost Texas. Although D. S. Correll and M. C. Johnston (1970) stated that the fruits are cherry-red at maturity, the specimens seen indicate that they turn purplish when ripe. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 14. | FNA vol. 14. |
Parent taxa | Solanaceae > Solanum | Solanaceae > Solanum |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | S. auriculatum | |
Name authority | Scopoli: Delic. Fl. Faun. Insubr. 3: 16, plate 8. (1788) | Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 1: 187. (1753) |
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