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wild potato

twinleaf nightshade, twoleaf nightshade

Habit Herbs, perennial, erect, unarmed, bearing tubers to 2 cm long, to 0.5 m, glabrous or sparsely pubescent, hairs unbranched, gland-tipped. Shrubs, erect, unarmed, 1–2 m, glabrous or occasionally minutely puberulent, hairs white, unbranched, eglandular.
Leaves

petiolate;

petiole 1.5–3.5 cm, sometimes with pair of pinnatifid pseudostipules at base;

blade compound, elliptic to ovate, 7–15 × 4–9 cm, margins divided into 1–4(–5) pairs of leaflets, leaflet margins entire, base attenuate.

petiolate;

petiole 0.2–0.5 cm;

blade simple, elliptic, 0.9–6.8 × 0.6–2.2 cm, margins entire, base acute to attenuate or decurrent.

Inflorescences

terminal, extra-axillary, generally forked or 3-fid, 4–10(–20)-flowered, to 3 cm.

leaf-opposed, unbranched, 5–20-flowered, 0.3–1.2 cm.

Pedicels

articulated near middle, 1.6–3 cm in flower and fruit.

ca. 0.5 cm in flower, ca. 1.2 cm and erect in fruit.

Flowers

radially symmetric;

calyx not accrescent, unarmed, 4–6 mm, glabrous to sparsely pubescent, lobes deltate-acuminate;

corolla white, stellate, 2.8–3.5 cm diam., without interpetalar tissue;

stamens equal;

anthers oblong, slightly tapered, 5–6 mm, dehiscent by terminal pores that open into longitudinal slits;

ovary glabrous.

radially symmetric;

calyx somewhat accrescent, unarmed, 1.5–2 mm, glabrous, lobes deltoid;

corolla white, often tinged with lavender, stellate, 0.7–1 cm diam., without interpetalar tissue;

stamens equal;

anthers oblong, 1.5–2 mm, dehiscent by terminal pores that open into longitudinal slits;

ovary glabrous.

Berries

green, globose, ca. 1 cm diam., glabrous, without sclerotic granules.

yellow to orange, globose, 0.7–1.2 cm diam., glabrous, without sclerotic granules.

Seeds

dark reddish brown, rounded, 1–2 mm diam., rugose.

pale yellow or tan, flattened, ca. 3 × 2.5 mm, minutely pitted.

2n

= 24.

= 24.

Solanum jamesii

Solanum diphyllum

Phenology Flowering Jun–Oct. Flowering year-round.
Habitat Hillsides, stream bottoms, sandy soils, disturbed grasslands, pinyon-juniper forests, oak thickets, coniferous and deciduous forests. Dry lowland areas, ham­mocks, disturbed sites.
Elevation 1300–2900 m. (4300–9500 ft.) 0–300 m. (0–1000 ft.)
Distribution
from FNA
AZ; CO; NM; TX; UT; Mexico (Chihuahua, Querétaro, San Luis Potosí, Sonora)
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
FL; Mexico; West Indies; Central America (Belize, Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua); South America (Brazil) [Introduced in North America; introduced also in Europe (s France, Italy), Asia, Pacific Islands (Java, Philippines)]
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

The tubers of Solanum jamesii have been gathered as food by Native Americans, and starch grains identified as S. jamesii from stone tools in Utah form the earliest evidence for the use of potatoes in North America (L. A. Louderback and B. M. Pavlik 2017). All other parts of the plant are toxic.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Solanum diphyllum is often cultivated for its brightly colored fruits and can escape from cultivation in tropical and subtropical areas. It occurs sporadically and does not appear to be common, but in other areas where it has escaped it has become naturalized (Asia; S. Knapp 2002b).

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Source FNA vol. 14. FNA vol. 14.
Parent taxa Solanaceae > Solanum Solanaceae > Solanum
Sibling taxa
S. americanum, S. aviculare, S. bahamense, S. campechiense, S. capsicoides, S. carolinense, S. chenopodioides, S. citrullifolium, S. cordicitum, S. davisense, S. deflexum, S. dimidiatum, S. diphyllum, S. donianum, S. douglasii, S. dulcamara, S. elaeagnifolium, S. emulans, S. erianthum, S. furcatum, S. hindsianum, S. interius, S. jamaicense, S. laciniatum, S. lanceolatum, S. lumholtzianum, S. lycopersicum, S. marginatum, S. mauritianum, S. nigrescens, S. nigrum, S. nitidibaccatum, S. novomexicanum, S. perplexum, S. pseudocapsicum, S. pseudogracile, S. pumilum, S. rostratum, S. sarrachoides, S. seaforthianum, S. setigeroides, S. sisymbriifolium, S. stoloniferum, S. tampicense, S. tenuipes, S. torvum, S. triflorum, S. triquetrum, S. umbelliferum, S. viarum, S. wallacei
S. americanum, S. aviculare, S. bahamense, S. campechiense, S. capsicoides, S. carolinense, S. chenopodioides, S. citrullifolium, S. cordicitum, S. davisense, S. deflexum, S. dimidiatum, S. donianum, S. douglasii, S. dulcamara, S. elaeagnifolium, S. emulans, S. erianthum, S. furcatum, S. hindsianum, S. interius, S. jamaicense, S. jamesii, S. laciniatum, S. lanceolatum, S. lumholtzianum, S. lycopersicum, S. marginatum, S. mauritianum, S. nigrescens, S. nigrum, S. nitidibaccatum, S. novomexicanum, S. perplexum, S. pseudocapsicum, S. pseudogracile, S. pumilum, S. rostratum, S. sarrachoides, S. seaforthianum, S. setigeroides, S. sisymbriifolium, S. stoloniferum, S. tampicense, S. tenuipes, S. torvum, S. triflorum, S. triquetrum, S. umbelliferum, S. viarum, S. wallacei
Name authority Torrey: Ann. Lyceum Nat. Hist. New York 2: 227. (1827) Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 1: 184. (1753)
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