Solanum jamesii |
Solanum diphyllum |
|
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wild potato |
twinleaf nightshade, twoleaf nightshade |
|
Habit | Herbs, perennial, erect, unarmed, bearing tubers to 2 cm long, to 0.5 m, glabrous or sparsely pubescent, hairs unbranched, gland-tipped. | Shrubs, erect, unarmed, 1–2 m, glabrous or occasionally minutely puberulent, hairs white, unbranched, eglandular. |
Leaves | petiolate; petiole 1.5–3.5 cm, sometimes with pair of pinnatifid pseudostipules at base; blade compound, elliptic to ovate, 7–15 × 4–9 cm, margins divided into 1–4(–5) pairs of leaflets, leaflet margins entire, base attenuate. |
petiolate; petiole 0.2–0.5 cm; blade simple, elliptic, 0.9–6.8 × 0.6–2.2 cm, margins entire, base acute to attenuate or decurrent. |
Inflorescences | terminal, extra-axillary, generally forked or 3-fid, 4–10(–20)-flowered, to 3 cm. |
leaf-opposed, unbranched, 5–20-flowered, 0.3–1.2 cm. |
Pedicels | articulated near middle, 1.6–3 cm in flower and fruit. |
ca. 0.5 cm in flower, ca. 1.2 cm and erect in fruit. |
Flowers | radially symmetric; calyx not accrescent, unarmed, 4–6 mm, glabrous to sparsely pubescent, lobes deltate-acuminate; corolla white, stellate, 2.8–3.5 cm diam., without interpetalar tissue; stamens equal; anthers oblong, slightly tapered, 5–6 mm, dehiscent by terminal pores that open into longitudinal slits; ovary glabrous. |
radially symmetric; calyx somewhat accrescent, unarmed, 1.5–2 mm, glabrous, lobes deltoid; corolla white, often tinged with lavender, stellate, 0.7–1 cm diam., without interpetalar tissue; stamens equal; anthers oblong, 1.5–2 mm, dehiscent by terminal pores that open into longitudinal slits; ovary glabrous. |
Berries | green, globose, ca. 1 cm diam., glabrous, without sclerotic granules. |
yellow to orange, globose, 0.7–1.2 cm diam., glabrous, without sclerotic granules. |
Seeds | dark reddish brown, rounded, 1–2 mm diam., rugose. |
pale yellow or tan, flattened, ca. 3 × 2.5 mm, minutely pitted. |
2n | = 24. |
= 24. |
Solanum jamesii |
Solanum diphyllum |
|
Phenology | Flowering Jun–Oct. | Flowering year-round. |
Habitat | Hillsides, stream bottoms, sandy soils, disturbed grasslands, pinyon-juniper forests, oak thickets, coniferous and deciduous forests. | Dry lowland areas, hammocks, disturbed sites. |
Elevation | 1300–2900 m. (4300–9500 ft.) | 0–300 m. (0–1000 ft.) |
Distribution |
AZ; CO; NM; TX; UT; Mexico (Chihuahua, Querétaro, San Luis Potosí, Sonora)
|
FL; Mexico; West Indies; Central America (Belize, Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua); South America (Brazil) [Introduced in North America; introduced also in Europe (s France, Italy), Asia, Pacific Islands (Java, Philippines)]
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Discussion | The tubers of Solanum jamesii have been gathered as food by Native Americans, and starch grains identified as S. jamesii from stone tools in Utah form the earliest evidence for the use of potatoes in North America (L. A. Louderback and B. M. Pavlik 2017). All other parts of the plant are toxic. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Solanum diphyllum is often cultivated for its brightly colored fruits and can escape from cultivation in tropical and subtropical areas. It occurs sporadically and does not appear to be common, but in other areas where it has escaped it has become naturalized (Asia; S. Knapp 2002b). (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 14. | FNA vol. 14. |
Parent taxa | Solanaceae > Solanum | Solanaceae > Solanum |
Sibling taxa | ||
Name authority | Torrey: Ann. Lyceum Nat. Hist. New York 2: 227. (1827) | Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 1: 184. (1753) |
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