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tall nightshade, velvety nightshade, whitetip nightshade
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valentine nightshade
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| Herbs or shrubs, annual to short-lived perennial, erect or somewhat sprawling, unarmed, to 1 m, glabrescent to densely pubescent, hairs unbranched, to 1 mm, eglandular. |
Herbs, annual, erect, moderately armed, to 0.35 m, prickles whitish or yellowish, needlelike, to 5 mm, usually less than 20 per cm of stem, moderately pubescent with stipitate glands 0.5–1 mm mixed with sparse, unbranched, eglandular hairs 1–2 mm, abaxial leaf surfaces with sparse, sessile to short-stalked, stellate hairs, 2–4-rayed, central ray equal to lateral rays. |
petiolate; petiole 1–3 cm; blade simple, narrowly ovate to elliptic, 1.5–5(–7) × 0.5–3.5 cm, margins entire or sinuate, base cuneate to decurrent. |
petiolate; petiole 0.5–3 cm; blade simple, ovate to elliptic, 3–8 × 1.5–4 cm, margins deeply lobed to pinnatifid with 3–4 lobes per side, these shallowly lobed, base obtuse. |
extra-axillary or leaf-opposed, unbranched or rarely forked, umbel-like, 3–7(–10)-flowered, 1–3(–4) cm, fruiting peduncles sharply reflexed from base. |
extra-axillary, unbranched, 5–8-flowered, 8–12 cm. |
0.5–1 cm in flower and fruit, reflexed downward in fruit. |
0.4–1 cm in flower, 1–1.8 cm and erect in fruit. |
radially symmetric; calyx not accrescent, unarmed, 2–3.5 mm, sparsely pubescent, lobes deltate, appressed in fruit; corolla white or purplish, with greenish, yellowish, or brown central star, stellate, 0.8–1.5 cm diam., with sparse interpetalar tissue; stamens equal; anthers ellipsoidal, 2–3 mm, dehiscent by terminal pores that open into longitudinal slits; ovary glabrous. |
bilaterally symmetric; calyx accrescent and tightly covering fruit, moderately prickly, 4–6 mm, moderately pubescent, lobes narrowly triangular; corolla white, rotate-stellate, 2–2.5 cm diam., with abundant interpetalar tissue; stamens unequal, lowermost much longer and curved; anthers narrow and tapered, dehiscent by terminal pores, short anthers 5–6 mm, longer anther 9–11 mm; ovary glabrous. |
dull purplish black, globose, 0.5–1 cm diam., glabrous, without sclerotic granules. |
brown, globose, 1–1.2 cm diam., glabrous, dry, without sclerotic granules. |
pale yellow, flattened, 1–1.5 × 1–1.5 mm, minutely pitted. |
dark brown, flattened, reniform, ca. 1.5 × 1 mm, reticulately ridged. |
= 24. |
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| Flowering May–Oct (year-round in Fla.). |
Flowering Sep–Nov. |
| Sandy soil, disturbed areas. |
Open and disturbed areas. |
| 0–2000 m. [0–6600 ft.] |
1300–1900 m. [4300–6200 ft.] |
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CA; FL; GA; MD; MO; NC; WI; South America (Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay, Peru, Uruguay) [Introduced in North America; introduced also in Europe, Africa, Pacific Islands (New Zealand), Australia]
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TX |
Solanum chenopodioides has been introduced sporadically and is occasionally adventive in North America. It is distinctive in having the fruiting peduncles strongly reflexed downward, but is otherwise difficult to distinguish from S. pseudogracile, with which it may be conspecific. The illegitimate superfluous name Solanum gracile Dunal has often been used for S. chenopodioides (for example, J. K. Small 1913; A. E. Radford et al. 1968). W. G. D’Arcy (1974) included S. gracile (and its replacement name S. ottonis) in the synonymy of S. nigrescens but the taxa are distinct. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Solanum cordicitum is currently known only from three collections from Jeff Davis County. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
| FNA vol. 14. Treatment authors: Lynn Bohs1, 1The author wishes to acknowledge co-authorship with David M. Spooner† on S. jamesii and S. stoloniferum and with Sandra Knapp and Tiina Särkinen on the black nightshade species.. |
FNA vol. 14. Treatment authors: Lynn Bohs1, 1The author wishes to acknowledge co-authorship with David M. Spooner† on S. jamesii and S. stoloniferum and with Sandra Knapp and Tiina Särkinen on the black nightshade species.. |
| Solanaceae > Solanum |
Solanaceae > Solanum |
S. americanum, S. aviculare, S. bahamense, S. campechiense, S. capsicoides, S. carolinense, S. citrullifolium, S. cordicitum, S. davisense, S. deflexum, S. dimidiatum, S. diphyllum, S. donianum, S. douglasii, S. dulcamara, S. elaeagnifolium, S. emulans, S. erianthum, S. furcatum, S. hindsianum, S. interius, S. jamaicense, S. jamesii, S. laciniatum, S. lanceolatum, S. lumholtzianum, S. lycopersicum, S. marginatum, S. mauritianum, S. nigrescens, S. nigrum, S. nitidibaccatum, S. novomexicanum, S. perplexum, S. pseudocapsicum, S. pseudogracile, S. pumilum, S. rostratum, S. sarrachoides, S. seaforthianum, S. setigeroides, S. sisymbriifolium, S. stoloniferum, S. tampicense, S. tenuipes, S. torvum, S. triflorum, S. triquetrum, S. umbelliferum, S. viarum, S. wallacei |
S. americanum, S. aviculare, S. bahamense, S. campechiense, S. capsicoides, S. carolinense, S. chenopodioides, S. citrullifolium, S. davisense, S. deflexum, S. dimidiatum, S. diphyllum, S. donianum, S. douglasii, S. dulcamara, S. elaeagnifolium, S. emulans, S. erianthum, S. furcatum, S. hindsianum, S. interius, S. jamaicense, S. jamesii, S. laciniatum, S. lanceolatum, S. lumholtzianum, S. lycopersicum, S. marginatum, S. mauritianum, S. nigrescens, S. nigrum, S. nitidibaccatum, S. novomexicanum, S. perplexum, S. pseudocapsicum, S. pseudogracile, S. pumilum, S. rostratum, S. sarrachoides, S. seaforthianum, S. setigeroides, S. sisymbriifolium, S. stoloniferum, S. tampicense, S. tenuipes, S. torvum, S. triflorum, S. triquetrum, S. umbelliferum, S. viarum, S. wallacei |
| S. americanum var. baylisii, S. ottonis |
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| Lamarck in J. Lamarck and J. Poiret: Tabl. Encycl. 2: 18. (1794) |
S. R. Stern: J. Bot. Res. Inst. Texas 8: 2, figs. 1, 2. (2014) |
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MD Biodiversity
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