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sarsaparilla vine, sarsparilla vine

Biltmore's carrionflower

Habit Subshrubs or vines; rhizomes black, knotted, 5–6 × 2 cm, often with white to pinkish stolons. Herbs.
Stems

perennial, prostrate to clambering, branching, slender, to 1 m, ± woody, densely woolly-pubescent, usually prickly (especially at base).

annual, erect, 0.2–0.6 m, herbaceous, glabrous, glaucous abaxially;

prickles absent.

Leaves

mostly evergreen, ± evenly disposed;

petiole 0.05–0.25 cm, often longer on sterile shoots;

blade gray-green, drying to ashy gray-green, obovate to ovate-lanceolate, with 3 prominent veins, 6–10.5 × 5–8 cm, glabrous adaxially, densely puberulent abaxially, base cordate to deeply notched, margins entire, apex bluntly pointed.

few, approximate distally;

tendrils absent;

blade ovate, 6–15 × 1.5–8 cm; glabrous and glaucous abaxially, base cordate, margins entire, apex acute to acuminate.

Umbels

1–7, axillary to leaves, 5–16-flowered, loose, spherical;

peduncle 0.2–0.8 cm, shorter than to 1.5 as long as petiole of subtending leaf.

1–few, proximalmost axillary to leaves or bracts, few-flowered, open;

peduncle 5–10 cm.

Flowers

perianth yellowish;

tepals 3–4 mm;

anthers much shorter than filaments;

ovule 1 per locule;

pedicel thin, 0.1–0.4 cm.

perianth greenish;

tepals 2.5–3.5 mm;

anthers longer than filaments;

ovules (1–)2 per locule;

pedicel slender, ca. 1 cm.

Berries

red, ovoid, 5–8 mm, with acute beaks, not glaucous.

black to bluish black, globose, ca. 8 mm diam., not glaucous.

2n

= 26.

Smilax pumila

Smilax biltmoreana

Phenology Flowering Oct–Nov. Flowering May–Jun.
Habitat Woods, along streams, sandy soil Rich, open woods in ravines, along streams, and at bases of bluffs
Elevation 0–1500 m (0–4900 ft)
Distribution
from FNA
AL; AR; FL; GA; LA; MS; SC; TX
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
AL; FL; GA; KY; NC; SC; VA
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

The red, pointed fruits and densely pubescent herbage of Smilax pumila are distinctive. In Louisiana, the dried leaves are used to prepare a tea for upset stomach.

The name Smilax humilis Miller, which predates S. pumila by 20 years and recently has been determined to apply also to this species, has been proposed for rejection (J. L. Reveal 2000). If that proposal is not adopted, the correct name will be S. humilis.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Smilax biltmoreana is distinguished by its ovate leaves with glabrous and glaucous abaxial surfaces.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Source FNA vol. 26, p. 476. FNA vol. 26.
Parent taxa Smilacaceae > Smilax Smilacaceae > Smilax
Sibling taxa
S. auriculata, S. biltmoreana, S. bona-nox, S. californica, S. ecirrata, S. glauca, S. havanensis, S. herbacea, S. hugeri, S. illinoensis, S. jamesii, S. lasioneura, S. laurifolia, S. pseudochina, S. pulverulenta, S. rotundifolia, S. smallii, S. tamnoides, S. walteri
S. auriculata, S. bona-nox, S. californica, S. ecirrata, S. glauca, S. havanensis, S. herbacea, S. hugeri, S. illinoensis, S. jamesii, S. lasioneura, S. laurifolia, S. pseudochina, S. pulverulenta, S. pumila, S. rotundifolia, S. smallii, S. tamnoides, S. walteri
Synonyms S. humilis, S. pubera, S. puberula Nemexia biltmoreana, S. ecirrhata var. biltmoreana
Name authority Walter: Fl. Carol., 244. (1788) (Small) J. B. Norton ex Pennell: Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 43: 413. (1916)
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