Smilax pumila |
Smilax biltmoreana |
|
---|---|---|
sarsaparilla vine, sarsparilla vine |
Biltmore's carrionflower |
|
Habit | Subshrubs or vines; rhizomes black, knotted, 5–6 × 2 cm, often with white to pinkish stolons. | Herbs. |
Stems | perennial, prostrate to clambering, branching, slender, to 1 m, ± woody, densely woolly-pubescent, usually prickly (especially at base). |
annual, erect, 0.2–0.6 m, herbaceous, glabrous, glaucous abaxially; prickles absent. |
Leaves | mostly evergreen, ± evenly disposed; petiole 0.05–0.25 cm, often longer on sterile shoots; blade gray-green, drying to ashy gray-green, obovate to ovate-lanceolate, with 3 prominent veins, 6–10.5 × 5–8 cm, glabrous adaxially, densely puberulent abaxially, base cordate to deeply notched, margins entire, apex bluntly pointed. |
few, approximate distally; tendrils absent; blade ovate, 6–15 × 1.5–8 cm; glabrous and glaucous abaxially, base cordate, margins entire, apex acute to acuminate. |
Umbels | 1–7, axillary to leaves, 5–16-flowered, loose, spherical; peduncle 0.2–0.8 cm, shorter than to 1.5 as long as petiole of subtending leaf. |
1–few, proximalmost axillary to leaves or bracts, few-flowered, open; peduncle 5–10 cm. |
Flowers | perianth yellowish; tepals 3–4 mm; anthers much shorter than filaments; ovule 1 per locule; pedicel thin, 0.1–0.4 cm. |
perianth greenish; tepals 2.5–3.5 mm; anthers longer than filaments; ovules (1–)2 per locule; pedicel slender, ca. 1 cm. |
Berries | red, ovoid, 5–8 mm, with acute beaks, not glaucous. |
black to bluish black, globose, ca. 8 mm diam., not glaucous. |
2n | = 26. |
|
Smilax pumila |
Smilax biltmoreana |
|
Phenology | Flowering Oct–Nov. | Flowering May–Jun. |
Habitat | Woods, along streams, sandy soil | Rich, open woods in ravines, along streams, and at bases of bluffs |
Elevation | 0–1500 m (0–4900 ft) | |
Distribution |
AL; AR; FL; GA; LA; MS; SC; TX
|
AL; FL; GA; KY; NC; SC; VA |
Discussion | The red, pointed fruits and densely pubescent herbage of Smilax pumila are distinctive. In Louisiana, the dried leaves are used to prepare a tea for upset stomach. The name Smilax humilis Miller, which predates S. pumila by 20 years and recently has been determined to apply also to this species, has been proposed for rejection (J. L. Reveal 2000). If that proposal is not adopted, the correct name will be S. humilis. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Smilax biltmoreana is distinguished by its ovate leaves with glabrous and glaucous abaxial surfaces. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 26, p. 476. | FNA vol. 26. |
Parent taxa | Smilacaceae > Smilax | Smilacaceae > Smilax |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | S. humilis, S. pubera, S. puberula | Nemexia biltmoreana, S. ecirrhata var. biltmoreana |
Name authority | Walter: Fl. Carol., 244. (1788) | (Small) J. B. Norton ex Pennell: Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 43: 413. (1916) |
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