Smilax pulverulenta |
Smilax bona-nox |
|
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downy carrionflower |
saw greenbrier, zarzaparrilla |
|
Habit | Herbs. | |
Stems | annual, climbing, branching, to 2.5 m, herbaceous, glabrous; prickles absent. |
perennial, climbing, often zigzag distally, branched, terete to 4-angled, stout, to 5+ m × 5 mm, woody, glabrous or infrequently with stellate trichomes; prickles often absent distally, tips black, flattened, broad- based, stout, 4–9 mm, rigid. |
Leaves | evenly distributed; petiole ± equaling blade; tendrils numerous, long, functional; blade lustrous, dark green abaxially, narrowly to broadly ovate, 8–16 × 3.5–9 cm, often with minute, whitish pubescence abaxially mostly on veins, with transparent trichomes, base cordate, margins entire, convex, apex long-acuminate; leaves on branches with oblong, smaller blade. |
evergreen, ± evenly dispersed; petiole 0.7–1.5 cm; blade pale green, often with white blotches, drying to uniform tan, thickish, broadly ovate to lanceolate-ovate or hastate to pandurate, with 3(–5) ± prominent veins, 3–10 × 2.5–9 cm, not glaucous, glabrous or minutely pubescent abaxially, base cordate to truncate, frequently lobed; margins entire to remotely spinose-ciliate, thickened by ribbed, cartilaginous band, often revolute and appearing as prominent vein parallel to margins, apex rounded to short-apiculate. |
Umbels | numerous, axillary to leaves, 10–35-flowered, globose; peduncle equaling or shorter than subtending leaf. |
few to numerous, axillary to leaves, 10–15+-flowered, moderately dense; peduncle 1.5–6+ cm. |
Flowers | perianth greenish; tepals 3.5–5 mm; anthers shorter than filaments, ovules (1–)2 per locule; pedicel 0.5–2.2 cm. |
perianth pale green; tepals 3–4.5 mm; anthers shorter than to ± equaling filaments; ovule 1 per locule; pedicel 0.8–1.2 cm. |
Berries | black, subglobose, 8–10 mm, not glaucous. |
black, ovoid to spherical, 6–8 mm, shiny to dull, sometimes glaucous. |
Vines | ; rhizomes tuberous, woody, or stoloniferous. |
|
2n | = 26. |
= 32. |
Smilax pulverulenta |
Smilax bona-nox |
|
Phenology | Flowering Apr–Jun. | Flowering Apr–May. |
Habitat | Rich woods, thickets, usually in calcareous soils | Well-drained to wet areas in woods, fields, thickets, hedgerows, floodplain forests, etc., full to partial sun |
Elevation | 0–900 m (0–3000 ft) | 0–1000 m (0–3300 ft) |
Distribution |
AR; DC; DE; IL; IN; KY; MD; MN; MO; NC; NE; NJ; NY; PA; TN; VA; WV
|
AL; AR; DC; DE; FL; GA; IL; IN; KS; KY; LA; MD; MO; MS; NC; OH; OK; SC; TN; TX; VA; Mexico; West Indies
|
Discussion | The distribution of Smilax pulverulenta is disjunct. The eastern distribution is centered in the mid-Atlantic United States, while the western distribution is centered in the Ozark Plateau of Missouri. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Numerous varieties, based mainly on differences in leaf shape, have been proposed for Smilax bona-nox. Variation is so great even in individual plants that recognition of these varieties is untenable. J. A. Steyermark (1963) suggested that leaf variation may be correlated with stages of plant maturity. The species often may be considered weedy, occurring in very dense, tangled masses. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 26, p. 476. | FNA vol. 26, p. 471. |
Parent taxa | Smilacaceae > Smilax | Smilacaceae > Smilax |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | S. herbacea var. pulverulenta | S. bona-nox var. exauriculata, S. bona-nox var. hastata, S. bona-nox var. hederifolia, S. bona-nox var. littoralis, S. hastata, S. hederifolia, S. renifolia, S. variegata |
Name authority | Michaux: Fl. Bor.-Amer. 2: 238. (1803) | Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 2: 1030. (1753) |
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