Smilax hugeri |
Smilax bona-nox |
|
---|---|---|
Huger's carrionflower |
saw greenbrier, zarzaparrilla |
|
Habit | Herbs; rhizomes knotty, slender. | |
Stems | annual, erect, 2–5 m, herbaceous, glabrous; prickles absent. |
perennial, climbing, often zigzag distally, branched, terete to 4-angled, stout, to 5+ m × 5 mm, woody, glabrous or infrequently with stellate trichomes; prickles often absent distally, tips black, flattened, broad- based, stout, 4–9 mm, rigid. |
Leaves | few, disposed distally or evenly distributed, subequal; petiole shorter than blade; tendrils absent or rudimentary; blade oblong, oblong-ovate, or sometimes oval, 2.5–12 × 1.5–7.5 cm, not glaucous, puberulent abaxially, base rounded to slightly cordate, margins entire, apex broadly rounded to obtuse or abruptly pointed. |
evergreen, ± evenly dispersed; petiole 0.7–1.5 cm; blade pale green, often with white blotches, drying to uniform tan, thickish, broadly ovate to lanceolate-ovate or hastate to pandurate, with 3(–5) ± prominent veins, 3–10 × 2.5–9 cm, not glaucous, glabrous or minutely pubescent abaxially, base cordate to truncate, frequently lobed; margins entire to remotely spinose-ciliate, thickened by ribbed, cartilaginous band, often revolute and appearing as prominent vein parallel to margins, apex rounded to short-apiculate. |
Umbels | 1–3, proximalmost axillary to bracts, 5–12-flowered. |
few to numerous, axillary to leaves, 10–15+-flowered, moderately dense; peduncle 1.5–6+ cm. |
Flowers | perianth greenish; tepals 3–3.5 mm; anthers shorter than filaments; ovules (1–)2 per locule. |
perianth pale green; tepals 3–4.5 mm; anthers shorter than to ± equaling filaments; ovule 1 per locule; pedicel 0.8–1.2 cm. |
Berries | globose, 8–10 mm diam., glaucous. |
black, ovoid to spherical, 6–8 mm, shiny to dull, sometimes glaucous. |
Vines | ; rhizomes tuberous, woody, or stoloniferous. |
|
2n | = 26. |
= 32. |
Smilax hugeri |
Smilax bona-nox |
|
Phenology | Flowering Apr–May. | Flowering Apr–May. |
Habitat | Moist, mixed woods and wooded slopes | Well-drained to wet areas in woods, fields, thickets, hedgerows, floodplain forests, etc., full to partial sun |
Elevation | 0–1000 m (0–3300 ft) | |
Distribution |
AL; FL; GA; NC; SC; TN
|
AL; AR; DC; DE; FL; GA; IL; IN; KS; KY; LA; MD; MO; MS; NC; OH; OK; SC; TN; TX; VA; Mexico; West Indies
|
Discussion | Smilax hugeri is distinguished from S. ecirrhata and S. biltmoreana mainly by leaf morphology. Specimens from Tennessee are not sharply distinct from S. ecirrhata. J. K. Mangaly (1968) cited this as possible evidence of divergence from that species. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Numerous varieties, based mainly on differences in leaf shape, have been proposed for Smilax bona-nox. Variation is so great even in individual plants that recognition of these varieties is untenable. J. A. Steyermark (1963) suggested that leaf variation may be correlated with stages of plant maturity. The species often may be considered weedy, occurring in very dense, tangled masses. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 26, p. 474. | FNA vol. 26, p. 471. |
Parent taxa | Smilacaceae > Smilax | Smilacaceae > Smilax |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | Nemexia hugeri, S. ecirrhata var. hugeri | S. bona-nox var. exauriculata, S. bona-nox var. hastata, S. bona-nox var. hederifolia, S. bona-nox var. littoralis, S. hastata, S. hederifolia, S. renifolia, S. variegata |
Name authority | (Small) J. B. Norton ex Pennell: Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 43: 420. (1916) | Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 2: 1030. (1753) |
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