Smelowskia |
Smelowskia borealis |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
candytuft, false candytuft, smelowskia |
false candytuft |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||
Habit | Plants cespitose, caudex well-developed, thick, often-branched, covered with persistent petiolar remains; not scapose; usually pubescent. | Plants sometimes canescent basally; caudex usually simple, rarely branched. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Stems | erect to decumbent, unbranched or branched distally, densely pubescent. |
several from base, often unbranched or branched proximally, 0.6–3(–3.5) dm, trichomes simple, to 1 mm, mixed with smaller, dendritic ones. |
||||||||||||||||||||||||
Leaves | basal and cauline; petiolate or sessile; basal rosulate, petiolate, blade margins usually 1- or 2-pinnatisect, rarely entire. |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||
Basal leaves | petiole 0.5–3.2 cm, ciliate or not; blade obovate to ovate in outline, (terminal segments linear, oblong, or ovate), 0.7–2.5 cm × 4–14 mm, (terminal segments 0.2–1.1 cm × 1–5 mm), margins palmately (3 or) 5 (or 7)-lobed, (surfaces densely pubescent, trichomes dendritic, often mixed with larger, simple ones, to 1 mm), apex obtuse or subacute. |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||
Cauline leaves | shortly petiolate or sessile; blade often similar to basal, smaller distally, margins sometimes pinnatifid. |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||
Racemes | (corymbose, several-flowered), often considerably elongated in fruit. |
considerably elongated in fruit. |
||||||||||||||||||||||||
Flowers | sepals (sometimes persistent), oblong [ovate]; petals spatulate to obovate or suborbicular, (longer than sepals), claw differentiated from blade, (apex rounded); stamens slightly tetradynamous; filaments often dilated basally; anthers ovate or oblong, (apex obtuse); nectar glands usually confluent, subtending bases of stamens, median glands present or not. |
sepals (usually persistent), 2.5–3.2 mm; petals purple to lavender, suborbicular to obovate, 4–5 × 1.5–2 mm, narrowed to claw, 1.5–2.5 mm, apex rounded; anthers oblong, 0.4–0.5 mm. |
||||||||||||||||||||||||
Fruiting pedicels | ascending, spreading, suberect, or divaricate [recurved], slender. |
spreading to divaricate-ascending, (secund, often curved), proximalmost bracteate, 6–15(–20) mm, pubescent, trichomes simple mixed with smaller, dendritic ones. |
||||||||||||||||||||||||
Fruits | siliques or silicles, usually sessile, rarely shortly stipitate, linear, oblong, obovoid, ellipsoid, spatulate, oblanceolate, suboblong, or pyriform [fusiform, ovoid, suborbicular], smooth, 4-angled, angustiseptate, terete, or subterete [latiseptate]; valves each with prominent or obscure midvein, usually glabrous; replum rounded; septum complete or perforated; ovules 4–18 per ovary; stigma capitate. |
spreading to ascending, usually oblanceolate to spatulate or linear-oblanceolate, rarely oblong-obovate, angustiseptate, (8–)12–28 × 4–8 mm, base cuneate, apex obtuse; valves each with prominent midvein and distinct lateral veins, (rarely sparsely pubescent); ovules 10–18 per ovary; style 0.1–1.1 mm. |
||||||||||||||||||||||||
Seeds | plump, not winged, usually oblong, rarely oblong-lanceolate; seed coat (minutely reticulate), not mucilaginous when wetted; cotyledons incumbent or accumbent. |
1.5–2.2 × 1–1.3 mm. |
||||||||||||||||||||||||
2n | = 12. |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||
Smelowskia |
Smelowskia borealis |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||
Phenology | Flowering Jun–Aug. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Habitat | Loose talus, metamorphic slide rock, rocky slopes, scree, shale splinters, limestone rubble, alpine ridges, barren rocks, unstable talus in alpine glacial bowl | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Elevation | 600-1700 m (2000-5600 ft) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Distribution |
North America; e Asia; c Asia |
AK; NT; YT |
||||||||||||||||||||||||
Discussion | Species 25 (7 in the flora). (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
W. H. Drury Jr. and R. C. Rollins (1952) and Rollins (1993) divided Smelowskia borealis into four varieties based on the duration of sepals (persistent versus caducous), style length (less than versus greater than 0.5 mm), and density of indumentum. The various states of these three characters are present in all possible combinations, and they are not inherited in the combinations presented by these authors. Some forms of the species are densely villous and resemble S. johnsonii in their leaf indumentum and perhaps merit recognition as an infraspecific taxon (var. villosa). As delimited here, S. borealis is quite variable; more studies are needed to determine whether or not any of the four varieties merit recognition at some rank. Although numerous collections of the species were examined, none of the types was available for preparing this account. The species is easily distinguished from the remaining North American Smelowskia by having secund infructescences and distinctly angustiseptate fruits. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
||||||||||||||||||||||||
Key |
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||
Source | FNA vol. 7, p. 671. | FNA vol. 7, p. 673. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Parent taxa | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Sibling taxa | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Subordinate taxa | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Synonyms | Acroschizocarpus, Ermania, Melanidion | Melanidion boreale, Acroschizocarpus kolianus, Ermania borealis, S. borealis var. jordalii, S. borealis var. koliana, S. borealis var. villosa | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Name authority | C. A. Meyer: in C. F. von Ledebour, Icon. Pl. 2: 17, plate 151. (1830) | (Greene) W. H. Drury & Rollins: Rhodora 54: 111. (1952) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Web links |