Sisymbrium officinale |
Sisymbrium polyceratium |
|
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common hedge-mustard, common tumble-mustard, hedge mustard |
shortfruit hedgemustard |
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Habit | Annuals; glabrous or pubescent. | Annuals; (densely leafy throughout); often glabrous. |
Stems | erect, branched distally, 2.5–7.5(–11) dm, usually sparsely to densely hirsute, (trichomes retrorse), rarely glabrate distally. |
(simple or few to several from base), erect or ascending to subprostrate, branched distally, 1–5(–7) dm, glabrous. |
Basal leaves | usually rosulate; petiole (1–)2–7(–10) cm; blade broadly oblanceolate or oblong-obovate (in outline), (2–)3–10(–15) cm × (10–)20–50(–80) mm, margins lyrate-pinnatifid, pinnatisect, or runcinate; lobes (2)3 or 4(5) on each side, oblong or lanceolate, smaller than terminal lobe, margins entire, dentate, or lobed, (terminal lobe suborbicular or deltate, margins dentate). |
(soon withered); initially rosulate; petiole (1–)2–5(–6.5) cm; blade oblanceolate to lanceolate (in outline), 2–7(–10) cm × 10–30(–45) mm, margins sinuate- or runcinate-pinnatifid to coarsely dentate; lobes 3–6 on each side, often triangular, slightly smaller than terminal lobe, margins dentate or subentire. |
Cauline leaves | similar to basal; blade with lobe margins dentate or subentire. |
(sometimes bracts, several), similar to basal, (shortly petiolate); blade margins dentate or subentire, (surfaces glabrous or sparsely puberulent at and near margin). (Inflorescences 2–4(–6)-fasciculate, or flowers solitary and axillary, bracteate throughout.) Fruiting pedicels ascending to erect, stout, narrower than fruit base, 0.5–1(–2) mm. |
Flowers | sepals erect, oblong-ovate, 2–2.5 × ca. 1 mm; petals spatulate, 2.5–4 × 1–2 mm, claw 1–2 mm; filaments (erect, yellowish), 2–3 mm; anthers ovate, 0.3–0.5 mm. |
sepals erect, oblong, 1–1.5 × 0.3–0.5 mm; petals spatulate, 1.5–2 × 0.4–0.6 mm, claw 0.6–1 mm; filaments (erect, yellowish), 1.2–1.7mm; anthers ovate, 0.3–0.5 mm. |
Fruiting pedicels | erect, (appressed to rachis), stout, narrower than fruit, 1.5–3(–4) mm. |
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Fruits | (erect), subulate-linear, straight, slightly torulose or smooth, stout, (0.7–)1–1.4(–1.8) cm × 1–1.5 mm; valves glabrous or pubescent; ovules 10–20 per ovary; style (0.8–)1–1.5(–2) mm; stigma slightly 2-lobed. |
(erect to ascending), subulate-linear, recurved, straight, slightly torulose, stout (widest at base), 1–2(–2.3) cm × 0.9–1.7 mm; valves usually glabrous, rarely puberulent; ovules 20–44(–54) per ovary; style 0.5–1 mm; stigma slightly 2-lobed. |
Seeds | 1–1.3 × 0.5–0.6 mm. |
0.7–1 × 0.4–0.5 mm. |
2n | = 14. |
= 28. |
Sisymbrium officinale |
Sisymbrium polyceratium |
|
Phenology | Flowering Apr-late Sep. | Flowering Mar–Jun. |
Habitat | Roadsides, fields, pastures, waste grounds, deserts | Waste grounds, disturbed sites, roadsides |
Elevation | 0-2200 m (0-7200 ft) | 0-200 m (0-700 ft) |
Distribution |
AK; AL; AR; CA; CT; DE; FL; GA; IA; ID; IL; IN; KS; KY; LA; MA; MD; ME; MI; MN; MO; MS; MT; NC; NH; NJ; NM; NY; OH; OK; OR; PA; RI; SC; SD; TN; TX; UT; VA; VT; WA; WI; WV; AB; BC; MB; NB; NF; NS; NT; ON; PE; QC; YT; Europe; Asia; n Africa [Introduced in North America; introduced also in Central America, South America, Australia]
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PA; TX; Europe; w Asia; c Asia; nw Africa [Introduced in North America] |
Source | FNA vol. 7, p. 670. | FNA vol. 7, p. 669. |
Parent taxa | Brassicaceae > tribe Sisymbrieae > Sisymbrium | Brassicaceae > tribe Sisymbrieae > Sisymbrium |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | Erysimum officinale, S. officinale var. leiocarpum | Chamaeplium polyceratium |
Name authority | (Linnaeus) Scopoli: Fl. Carniol. ed. 2, 2: 26. (1772) | Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 2: 658. (1753) |
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