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common hedge-mustard, common tumble-mustard, hedge mustard

flax-leaf plains mustard, flax-leaf tumble-mustard, lava cress, plains mustard, rush mustard, Salmon River plainsmustard

Habit Annuals; glabrous or pubescent. Perennials; (rhizomatous); usually glabrous basally, rarely sparsely pubescent, glabrous (and sometimes glaucous) distally.
Stems

erect, branched distally, 2.5–7.5(–11) dm, usually sparsely to densely hirsute, (trichomes retrorse), rarely glabrate distally.

erect or ascending, unbranched or branched (few) distally, (1.5–)3–7(–11) dm, glabrous distally.

Basal leaves

usually rosulate;

petiole (1–)2–7(–10) cm;

blade broadly oblanceolate or oblong-obovate (in outline), (2–)3–10(–15) cm × (10–)20–50(–80) mm, margins lyrate-pinnatifid, pinnatisect, or runcinate;

lobes (2)3 or 4(5) on each side, oblong or lanceolate, smaller than terminal lobe, margins entire, dentate, or lobed, (terminal lobe suborbicular or deltate, margins dentate).

(soon withered);

not rosulate;

petiole (proximally) (0.5–)1–3 cm;

blade similar to proximal cauline, 1.5–6 cm, margins entire, pinnatifid or pinnatisect;

lateral lobes oblong to linear, 0.5–2.5 cm × 0.3–1(–2) mm, margins entire.

Cauline leaves

similar to basal;

blade with lobe margins dentate or subentire.

sessile or shortly petiolate;

blade usually filiform to linear, rarely oblanceolate, 1–2.5–9(–12) cm × 1–3.5(–5) mm (smaller distally, base attenuate or cuneate), margins usually entire, rarely dentate or pinnately lobed.

Flowers

sepals erect, oblong-ovate, 2–2.5 × ca. 1 mm;

petals spatulate, 2.5–4 × 1–2 mm, claw 1–2 mm;

filaments (erect, yellowish), 2–3 mm;

anthers ovate, 0.3–0.5 mm.

sepals ascending, oblong to oblong-linear, (3–)4–7 × (0.8–)12 mm;

petals spatulate, (6–)8–12 × (1.5–)2–4 mm, claw 2–5 mm;

filaments (yellowish), (4–)5–7 mm;

anthers linear, 1.5–2.5mm.

Fruiting pedicels

erect, (appressed to rachis), stout, narrower than fruit, 1.5–3(–4) mm.

divaricate to ascending, slender, narrower than fruit, (3–)5–9(–11) mm.

Fruits

(erect), subulate-linear, straight, slightly torulose or smooth, stout, (0.7–)1–1.4(–1.8) cm × 1–1.5 mm;

valves glabrous or pubescent;

ovules 10–20 per ovary;

style (0.8–)1–1.5(–2) mm;

stigma slightly 2-lobed.

(divaricate to erect), narrowly linear, smooth, slender, (2.5–)3.5–6.5 cm × 0.9–1.2 mm;

valves glabrous;

ovules 60–94 per ovary;

style 0.5–1 mm;

stigma prominently 2-lobed.

Seeds

1–1.3 × 0.5–0.6 mm.

1–2 × 0.4–0.6 mm.

2n

= 14.

= 14.

Sisymbrium officinale

Sisymbrium linifolium

Phenology Flowering Apr-late Sep. Flowering Apr–Aug.
Habitat Roadsides, fields, pastures, waste grounds, deserts Rocky or gravelly hillsides, sagebrush communities, pinyon-juniper areas, shady rock cliffs, abandoned fields, sandy prairies, steep banks
Elevation 0-2200 m (0-7200 ft) 700-2800 m (2300-9200 ft)
Distribution
from FNA
AK; AL; AR; CA; CT; DE; FL; GA; IA; ID; IL; IN; KS; KY; LA; MA; MD; ME; MI; MN; MO; MS; MT; NC; NH; NJ; NM; NY; OH; OK; OR; PA; RI; SC; SD; TN; TX; UT; VA; VT; WA; WI; WV; AB; BC; MB; NB; NF; NS; NT; ON; PE; QC; YT; Europe; Asia; n Africa [Introduced in North America; introduced also in Central America, South America, Australia]
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
AZ; CO; ID; MT; NM; NV; OR; UT; WA; WY; BC
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

N. H. Holmgren (2005b) recognized Sisymbrium linifolium and others (see 86. Hesperidanthus) in Schoenocrambe even though the molecular evidence (S. I. Warwick et al. 2002) overwhelmingly shows that the latter is nested within Sisymbrium, whereas the species of Hesperidanthus are not closely related. Indeed, I. A. Al-Shehbaz et al. (2006) placed Hesperidanthus and Sisymbrium in different tribes. This is an example where the superficial resemblances in fruit morphology are the result of convergence and can easily mislead to erroneous taxonomy.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Source FNA vol. 7, p. 670. FNA vol. 7, p. 668.
Parent taxa Brassicaceae > tribe Sisymbrieae > Sisymbrium Brassicaceae > tribe Sisymbrieae > Sisymbrium
Sibling taxa
S. altissimum, S. erysimoides, S. irio, S. linifolium, S. loeselii, S. orientale, S. polyceratium
S. altissimum, S. erysimoides, S. irio, S. loeselii, S. officinale, S. orientale, S. polyceratium
Synonyms Erysimum officinale, S. officinale var. leiocarpum Nasturtium linifolium, Erysimum glaberrimum, Erysimum linifolium, Nasturtium pumilum, Schoenocrambe decumbens, Schoenocrambe linifolia, Schoenocrambe pinnata, Schoenocrambe pygmaea, S. decumbens, S. linifolium var. decumbens, S. linifolium var. pinnatum, S. pygmaeum
Name authority (Linnaeus) Scopoli: Fl. Carniol. ed. 2, 2: 26. (1772) (Nuttall) Nuttall: in J. Torrey and A. Gray, Fl. N. Amer. 1: 91. (1838)
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