Sisymbrium officinale |
Sisymbrium irio |
|
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common hedge-mustard, common tumble-mustard, hedge mustard |
London hedge-mustard, London rocket |
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Habit | Annuals; glabrous or pubescent. | Annuals; glabrous or sparsely pubescent. |
Stems | erect, branched distally, 2.5–7.5(–11) dm, usually sparsely to densely hirsute, (trichomes retrorse), rarely glabrate distally. |
erect, branched proximally and distally, (1–)2–6(–7.5) dm, glabrous or sparsely pubescent at least basally. |
Basal leaves | usually rosulate; petiole (1–)2–7(–10) cm; blade broadly oblanceolate or oblong-obovate (in outline), (2–)3–10(–15) cm × (10–)20–50(–80) mm, margins lyrate-pinnatifid, pinnatisect, or runcinate; lobes (2)3 or 4(5) on each side, oblong or lanceolate, smaller than terminal lobe, margins entire, dentate, or lobed, (terminal lobe suborbicular or deltate, margins dentate). |
not rosulate; petiole (0.5–)1–4.5(–6) cm; blade oblanceolate or oblong (in outline), (1.5–)3–12(–15) cm × (5–)10–60(–90) mm, margins runcinate to pinnatisect; lobes (1–)2–6(–8) on each side, oblong or lanceolate, smaller than terminal lobe, margins entire, dentate, or lobed. |
Cauline leaves | similar to basal; blade with lobe margins dentate or subentire. |
similar to basal; (distalmost) blade (smaller, to 2 cm wide), margins entire or 1–3-lobed. |
Flowers | sepals erect, oblong-ovate, 2–2.5 × ca. 1 mm; petals spatulate, 2.5–4 × 1–2 mm, claw 1–2 mm; filaments (erect, yellowish), 2–3 mm; anthers ovate, 0.3–0.5 mm. |
sepals erect, oblong, 2–2.5 × 1–1.5 mm; petals oblong-oblanceolate, 2.5–3.5(–4) × 1–1.5 mm, claw 1–1.5 mm; filaments 2.5–4 mm; anthers ovate, 0.5–0.9 mm. |
Fruiting pedicels | erect, (appressed to rachis), stout, narrower than fruit, 1.5–3(–4) mm. |
divaricate or ascending, slender, much narrower than fruit, (5–)7–12(–20) mm. |
Fruits | (erect), subulate-linear, straight, slightly torulose or smooth, stout, (0.7–)1–1.4(–1.8) cm × 1–1.5 mm; valves glabrous or pubescent; ovules 10–20 per ovary; style (0.8–)1–1.5(–2) mm; stigma slightly 2-lobed. |
(divaricate to ascending, young fruits overtopping flowers), narrowly linear, straight or slightly curved inward, slightly torulose, slender, (2.5–)3–4(–5) cm × 0.9–1.1 mm; valves glabrous; ovules 40–90 per ovary; style 0.2–0.5 mm; stigma prominently 2-lobed. |
Seeds | 1–1.3 × 0.5–0.6 mm. |
0.8–1 × 0.5–0.6 mm. |
2n | = 14. |
= 14. |
Sisymbrium officinale |
Sisymbrium irio |
|
Phenology | Flowering Apr-late Sep. | Flowering Dec–May. |
Habitat | Roadsides, fields, pastures, waste grounds, deserts | Rocky slopes, orchards, roadsides, fields, pastures, waste grounds, prairies, disturbed sites |
Elevation | 0-2200 m (0-7200 ft) | 0-1700 m (0-5600 ft) |
Distribution |
AK; AL; AR; CA; CT; DE; FL; GA; IA; ID; IL; IN; KS; KY; LA; MA; MD; ME; MI; MN; MO; MS; MT; NC; NH; NJ; NM; NY; OH; OK; OR; PA; RI; SC; SD; TN; TX; UT; VA; VT; WA; WI; WV; AB; BC; MB; NB; NF; NS; NT; ON; PE; QC; YT; Europe; Asia; n Africa [Introduced in North America; introduced also in Central America, South America, Australia]
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AZ; CA; CO; CT; FL; ID; MA; MI; NM; NV; OH; PA; TX; UT; WY; Europe; w Asia; c Asia; n Africa [Introduced in North America; introduced also in South America, Australia]
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Source | FNA vol. 7, p. 670. | FNA vol. 7, p. 670. |
Parent taxa | Brassicaceae > tribe Sisymbrieae > Sisymbrium | Brassicaceae > tribe Sisymbrieae > Sisymbrium |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | Erysimum officinale, S. officinale var. leiocarpum | |
Name authority | (Linnaeus) Scopoli: Fl. Carniol. ed. 2, 2: 26. (1772) | Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 2: 659. (1753) |
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