Sisymbrium officinale |
Sisymbrium altissimum |
|
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common hedge-mustard, common tumble-mustard, hedge mustard |
Jim Hill mustard, tall rocket, tall tumble-mustard, tumble mustard, tumbleweed, tumbling hedge-mustard |
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Habit | Annuals; glabrous or pubescent. | Annuals; glabrous or pubescent. |
Stems | erect, branched distally, 2.5–7.5(–11) dm, usually sparsely to densely hirsute, (trichomes retrorse), rarely glabrate distally. |
erect, branched distally, (2–)4–12(–16) dm, sparsely to densely hirsute basally, glabrous or glabrate distally. |
Basal leaves | usually rosulate; petiole (1–)2–7(–10) cm; blade broadly oblanceolate or oblong-obovate (in outline), (2–)3–10(–15) cm × (10–)20–50(–80) mm, margins lyrate-pinnatifid, pinnatisect, or runcinate; lobes (2)3 or 4(5) on each side, oblong or lanceolate, smaller than terminal lobe, margins entire, dentate, or lobed, (terminal lobe suborbicular or deltate, margins dentate). |
rosulate; petiole 1–10(–15) cm; blade broadly oblanceolate, oblong, or lanceolate (in outline), (2–)5–20(–35) cm × (10–)20–80(–100) mm, margins pinnatisect, pinnatifid, or runcinate; lobes (3–)4–6(–8) on each side, oblong or lanceolate, smaller than terminal lobe, margins entire, dentate, or lobed. |
Cauline leaves | similar to basal; blade with lobe margins dentate or subentire. |
similar to basal; distalmost blade with linear to filiform lobes. |
Flowers | sepals erect, oblong-ovate, 2–2.5 × ca. 1 mm; petals spatulate, 2.5–4 × 1–2 mm, claw 1–2 mm; filaments (erect, yellowish), 2–3 mm; anthers ovate, 0.3–0.5 mm. |
sepals ascending or spreading, oblong, (cucullate), 4–6 × 1–2 mm; petals spatulate, (5–)6–8(–10) × 2.5–4 mm, claw 3.5–6 mm; filaments 2–6 mm; anthers oblong, 1.5–2.2 mm. |
Fruiting pedicels | erect, (appressed to rachis), stout, narrower than fruit, 1.5–3(–4) mm. |
usually divaricate, rarely ascending, stout, nearly as wide as fruit, (4–)6–10(–13) mm. |
Fruits | (erect), subulate-linear, straight, slightly torulose or smooth, stout, (0.7–)1–1.4(–1.8) cm × 1–1.5 mm; valves glabrous or pubescent; ovules 10–20 per ovary; style (0.8–)1–1.5(–2) mm; stigma slightly 2-lobed. |
narrowly linear, usually straight, smooth, stout, (4.5–)6–9(–12) cm × 1–2 mm; valves glabrous; ovules 90–120 per ovary; style 0.5–2 mm; stigma prominently 2-lobed. |
Seeds | 1–1.3 × 0.5–0.6 mm. |
0.8–1 × 0.5–0.6 mm. |
2n | = 14. |
= 14. |
Sisymbrium officinale |
Sisymbrium altissimum |
|
Phenology | Flowering Apr-late Sep. | Flowering Apr–Sep. |
Habitat | Roadsides, fields, pastures, waste grounds, deserts | Roadsides, fields, pastures, waste grounds, disturbed sites, grasslands |
Elevation | 0-2200 m (0-7200 ft) | 0-2700 m (0-8900 ft) |
Distribution |
AK; AL; AR; CA; CT; DE; FL; GA; IA; ID; IL; IN; KS; KY; LA; MA; MD; ME; MI; MN; MO; MS; MT; NC; NH; NJ; NM; NY; OH; OK; OR; PA; RI; SC; SD; TN; TX; UT; VA; VT; WA; WI; WV; AB; BC; MB; NB; NF; NS; NT; ON; PE; QC; YT; Europe; Asia; n Africa [Introduced in North America; introduced also in Central America, South America, Australia]
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AK; AZ; CA; CO; CT; DC; FL; IA; ID; IL; IN; KS; MA; MD; ME; MI; MN; MO; MT; NC; ND; NE; NH; NJ; NM; NV; NY; OH; OK; OR; PA; RI; SD; TN; TX; UT; VA; VT; WA; WI; WV; WY; AB; BC; MB; NB; NF; NS; NT; ON; PE; QC; SK; YT; w Asia; Greenland; Europe; nw Africa [Introduced in North America; introduced also in South America (Argentina, Chile)]
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Source | FNA vol. 7, p. 670. | FNA vol. 7, p. 668. |
Parent taxa | Brassicaceae > tribe Sisymbrieae > Sisymbrium | Brassicaceae > tribe Sisymbrieae > Sisymbrium |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | Erysimum officinale, S. officinale var. leiocarpum | |
Name authority | (Linnaeus) Scopoli: Fl. Carniol. ed. 2, 2: 26. (1772) | Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 2: 659. (1753) |
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