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common hedge-mustard, common tumble-mustard, hedge mustard

Habit Annuals; glabrous or pubescent. Annuals or perennials [biennials, subshrubs]; eglandular.
Stems

erect, branched distally, 2.5–7.5(–11) dm, usually sparsely to densely hirsute, (trichomes retrorse), rarely glabrate distally.

Basal leaves

usually rosulate;

petiole (1–)2–7(–10) cm;

blade broadly oblanceolate or oblong-obovate (in outline), (2–)3–10(–15) cm × (10–)20–50(–80) mm, margins lyrate-pinnatifid, pinnatisect, or runcinate;

lobes (2)3 or 4(5) on each side, oblong or lanceolate, smaller than terminal lobe, margins entire, dentate, or lobed, (terminal lobe suborbicular or deltate, margins dentate).

Cauline leaves

similar to basal;

blade with lobe margins dentate or subentire.

petiolate or sessile;

blade base not auriculate [auriculate], margins usually pinnately lobed or dentate, sometimes entire.

Inflorescences

(usually racemose, sometimes fasciculate, or flowers solitary in Sisymbrium polyceratium), usually ebracteate (bracteate in S. polyceratium), often elongated in fruit.

Flowers

sepals erect, oblong-ovate, 2–2.5 × ca. 1 mm;

petals spatulate, 2.5–4 × 1–2 mm, claw 1–2 mm;

filaments (erect, yellowish), 2–3 mm;

anthers ovate, 0.3–0.5 mm.

actinomorphic;

sepals erect to spreading, lateral pair seldom saccate basally;

petals yellow [pink, white], claw present, often distinct;

filaments unappendaged, not winged;

pollen 3-colpate.

Fruiting pedicels

erect, (appressed to rachis), stout, narrower than fruit, 1.5–3(–4) mm.

Fruits

(erect), subulate-linear, straight, slightly torulose or smooth, stout, (0.7–)1–1.4(–1.8) cm × 1–1.5 mm;

valves glabrous or pubescent;

ovules 10–20 per ovary;

style (0.8–)1–1.5(–2) mm;

stigma slightly 2-lobed.

siliques, dehiscent, unsegmented, usually terete [slightly latiseptate];

ovules 6–120(–140)[–160] per ovary;

style usually distinct, rarely obsolete;

stigma 2-lobed.

Seeds

1–1.3 × 0.5–0.6 mm.

uniseriate;

cotyledons incumbent.

Trichomes

simple or absent, [rarely branched].

2n

= 14.

Sisymbrium officinale

Brassicaceae tribe sisymbrieae

Phenology Flowering Apr-late Sep.
Habitat Roadsides, fields, pastures, waste grounds, deserts
Elevation 0-2200 m (0-7200 ft)
Distribution
from FNA
AK; AL; AR; CA; CT; DE; FL; GA; IA; ID; IL; IN; KS; KY; LA; MA; MD; ME; MI; MN; MO; MS; MT; NC; NH; NJ; NM; NY; OH; OK; OR; PA; RI; SC; SD; TN; TX; UT; VA; VT; WA; WI; WV; AB; BC; MB; NB; NF; NS; NT; ON; PE; QC; YT; Europe; Asia; n Africa [Introduced in North America; introduced also in Central America, South America, Australia]
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
North America; Europe; Asia; Africa
Discussion

Genus 1, species 41 (8 in the flora).

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Source FNA vol. 7, p. 670. FNA vol. 7, p. 666.
Parent taxa Brassicaceae > tribe Sisymbrieae > Sisymbrium Brassicaceae
Sibling taxa
S. altissimum, S. erysimoides, S. irio, S. linifolium, S. loeselii, S. orientale, S. polyceratium
Subordinate taxa
Synonyms Erysimum officinale, S. officinale var. leiocarpum
Name authority (Linnaeus) Scopoli: Fl. Carniol. ed. 2, 2: 26. (1772) de Candolle: Mém. Mus. Hist. Nat. 7: 237. (1821)
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