Sisymbrium officinale |
Brassicaceae tribe sisymbrieae |
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common hedge-mustard, common tumble-mustard, hedge mustard |
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Habit | Annuals; glabrous or pubescent. | Annuals or perennials [biennials, subshrubs]; eglandular. |
Stems | erect, branched distally, 2.5–7.5(–11) dm, usually sparsely to densely hirsute, (trichomes retrorse), rarely glabrate distally. |
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Basal leaves | usually rosulate; petiole (1–)2–7(–10) cm; blade broadly oblanceolate or oblong-obovate (in outline), (2–)3–10(–15) cm × (10–)20–50(–80) mm, margins lyrate-pinnatifid, pinnatisect, or runcinate; lobes (2)3 or 4(5) on each side, oblong or lanceolate, smaller than terminal lobe, margins entire, dentate, or lobed, (terminal lobe suborbicular or deltate, margins dentate). |
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Cauline leaves | similar to basal; blade with lobe margins dentate or subentire. |
petiolate or sessile; blade base not auriculate [auriculate], margins usually pinnately lobed or dentate, sometimes entire. |
Inflorescences | (usually racemose, sometimes fasciculate, or flowers solitary in Sisymbrium polyceratium), usually ebracteate (bracteate in S. polyceratium), often elongated in fruit. |
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Flowers | sepals erect, oblong-ovate, 2–2.5 × ca. 1 mm; petals spatulate, 2.5–4 × 1–2 mm, claw 1–2 mm; filaments (erect, yellowish), 2–3 mm; anthers ovate, 0.3–0.5 mm. |
actinomorphic; sepals erect to spreading, lateral pair seldom saccate basally; petals yellow [pink, white], claw present, often distinct; filaments unappendaged, not winged; pollen 3-colpate. |
Fruiting pedicels | erect, (appressed to rachis), stout, narrower than fruit, 1.5–3(–4) mm. |
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Fruits | (erect), subulate-linear, straight, slightly torulose or smooth, stout, (0.7–)1–1.4(–1.8) cm × 1–1.5 mm; valves glabrous or pubescent; ovules 10–20 per ovary; style (0.8–)1–1.5(–2) mm; stigma slightly 2-lobed. |
siliques, dehiscent, unsegmented, usually terete [slightly latiseptate]; ovules 6–120(–140)[–160] per ovary; style usually distinct, rarely obsolete; stigma 2-lobed. |
Seeds | 1–1.3 × 0.5–0.6 mm. |
uniseriate; cotyledons incumbent. |
Trichomes | simple or absent, [rarely branched]. |
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2n | = 14. |
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Sisymbrium officinale |
Brassicaceae tribe sisymbrieae |
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Phenology | Flowering Apr-late Sep. | |
Habitat | Roadsides, fields, pastures, waste grounds, deserts | |
Elevation | 0-2200 m (0-7200 ft) | |
Distribution |
AK; AL; AR; CA; CT; DE; FL; GA; IA; ID; IL; IN; KS; KY; LA; MA; MD; ME; MI; MN; MO; MS; MT; NC; NH; NJ; NM; NY; OH; OK; OR; PA; RI; SC; SD; TN; TX; UT; VA; VT; WA; WI; WV; AB; BC; MB; NB; NF; NS; NT; ON; PE; QC; YT; Europe; Asia; n Africa [Introduced in North America; introduced also in Central America, South America, Australia]
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North America; Europe; Asia; Africa |
Discussion | Genus 1, species 41 (8 in the flora). (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
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Source | FNA vol. 7, p. 670. | FNA vol. 7, p. 666. |
Parent taxa | Brassicaceae > tribe Sisymbrieae > Sisymbrium | Brassicaceae |
Sibling taxa | ||
Subordinate taxa | ||
Synonyms | Erysimum officinale, S. officinale var. leiocarpum | |
Name authority | (Linnaeus) Scopoli: Fl. Carniol. ed. 2, 2: 26. (1772) | de Candolle: Mém. Mus. Hist. Nat. 7: 237. (1821) |
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