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false London rocket, Loesel's tumble-mustard, rocket, small tumblemustard, small tumbleweed mustard, tall hedge-mustard

flax-leaf plains mustard, flax-leaf tumble-mustard, lava cress, plains mustard, rush mustard, Salmon River plainsmustard

Habit Annuals; densely hispid at least proximally. Perennials; (rhizomatous); usually glabrous basally, rarely sparsely pubescent, glabrous (and sometimes glaucous) distally.
Stems

erect, branched distally, (2–)3.5–12(–17.5) dm, often densely hispid proximally, (trichomes retrorse), usually glabrous distally.

erect or ascending, unbranched or branched (few) distally, (1.5–)3–7(–11) dm, glabrous distally.

Basal leaves

rosulate;

petiole 1–4(–5) cm;

blade broadly oblanceolate (in outline), (1.5–)2.5–8(–12) cm × (10–)20–50(–70) mm, margins runcinate to lyrate-pinnatifid;

lobes 2–4 on each side, much smaller than terminal lobe, margins entire or dentate, (terminal lobe triangular, often hastate).

(soon withered);

not rosulate;

petiole (proximally) (0.5–)1–3 cm;

blade similar to proximal cauline, 1.5–6 cm, margins entire, pinnatifid or pinnatisect;

lateral lobes oblong to linear, 0.5–2.5 cm × 0.3–1(–2) mm, margins entire.

Cauline leaves

similar to basal;

blade (much smaller than basal, to 1.5 cm wide), margins entire or toothed.

sessile or shortly petiolate;

blade usually filiform to linear, rarely oblanceolate, 1–2.5–9(–12) cm × 1–3.5(–5) mm (smaller distally, base attenuate or cuneate), margins usually entire, rarely dentate or pinnately lobed.

Flowers

sepals ascending, oblong, 3–4 × 1–1.5 mm;

petals spatulate, 6–8 × 2–3 mm, claw 2.5–3.5 mm;

filaments 3–4.5 mm;

anthers ovate, 0.6–1 mm.

sepals ascending, oblong to oblong-linear, (3–)4–7 × (0.8–)12 mm;

petals spatulate, (6–)8–12 × (1.5–)2–4 mm, claw 2–5 mm;

filaments (yellowish), (4–)5–7 mm;

anthers linear, 1.5–2.5mm.

Fruiting pedicels

divaricate or ascending, slender, narrower than fruit, 5–12(–15) mm.

divaricate to ascending, slender, narrower than fruit, (3–)5–9(–11) mm.

Fruits

(ascending to suberect, young fruits not overtopping flowers), narrowly linear, curved or straight, subtorulose, slender, 2–3.5(–5) cm × 0.9–1.1 mm;

valves often glabrous;

ovules 40–60 per ovary;

style stout, 0.3–0.7 mm;

stigma prominently 2-lobed.

(divaricate to erect), narrowly linear, smooth, slender, (2.5–)3.5–6.5 cm × 0.9–1.2 mm;

valves glabrous;

ovules 60–94 per ovary;

style 0.5–1 mm;

stigma prominently 2-lobed.

Seeds

0.7–1 × 0.5–0.6 mm.

1–2 × 0.4–0.6 mm.

2n

= 14.

= 14.

Sisymbrium loeselii

Sisymbrium linifolium

Phenology Flowering late May-early Nov. Flowering Apr–Aug.
Habitat Valleys, stream banks, fields, roadsides, pastures, waste grounds, vacant lots, prairies, disturbed sites, railroad tracks Rocky or gravelly hillsides, sagebrush communities, pinyon-juniper areas, shady rock cliffs, abandoned fields, sandy prairies, steep banks
Elevation 0-2400 m (0-7900 ft) 700-2800 m (2300-9200 ft)
Distribution
from FNA
CO; CT; IA; ID; IL; IN; MA; MI; MT; ND; NE; NM; NV; OH; OR; PA; SD; UT; VT; WA; WY; AB; BC; MB; NB; QC; SK; e Europe; w Asia; c Asia [Introduced in North America]
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
AZ; CO; ID; MT; NM; NV; OR; UT; WA; WY; BC
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

N. H. Holmgren (2005b) recognized Sisymbrium linifolium and others (see 86. Hesperidanthus) in Schoenocrambe even though the molecular evidence (S. I. Warwick et al. 2002) overwhelmingly shows that the latter is nested within Sisymbrium, whereas the species of Hesperidanthus are not closely related. Indeed, I. A. Al-Shehbaz et al. (2006) placed Hesperidanthus and Sisymbrium in different tribes. This is an example where the superficial resemblances in fruit morphology are the result of convergence and can easily mislead to erroneous taxonomy.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Source FNA vol. 7, p. 669. FNA vol. 7, p. 668.
Parent taxa Brassicaceae > tribe Sisymbrieae > Sisymbrium Brassicaceae > tribe Sisymbrieae > Sisymbrium
Sibling taxa
S. altissimum, S. erysimoides, S. irio, S. linifolium, S. officinale, S. orientale, S. polyceratium
S. altissimum, S. erysimoides, S. irio, S. loeselii, S. officinale, S. orientale, S. polyceratium
Synonyms Nasturtium linifolium, Erysimum glaberrimum, Erysimum linifolium, Nasturtium pumilum, Schoenocrambe decumbens, Schoenocrambe linifolia, Schoenocrambe pinnata, Schoenocrambe pygmaea, S. decumbens, S. linifolium var. decumbens, S. linifolium var. pinnatum, S. pygmaeum
Name authority Linnaeus: Cent. Pl. I, 18. (1755) (Nuttall) Nuttall: in J. Torrey and A. Gray, Fl. N. Amer. 1: 91. (1838)
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