Silene dioica |
Silene coronaria |
|
---|---|---|
red campion, red catchfly, silène dioïque |
dusty-miller, lychnide coronaire, mullein pink, rose campion |
|
Habit | Plants perennial; taproot slender. | Plants perennial, grayish white-tomentose, eglandular; taproot slender to stout; caudex branched, slightly woody. |
Stems | ascending, decumbent at base, branched, shortly rhizomatous, to 80 cm, softly pubescent, ± glandular, at least distally, rarely subglabrous. |
several, erect, branched distally, stout, 40–100 cm. |
Leaves | sessile at mid and distal stem, petiolate to spatulate proximally; petiole equaling or longer than blade of basal leaves; blade ovate to elliptic, 3–13 cm × 10–50 mm (not including petiole), apex acute to acuminate, sparingly pubescent, densely so on abaxial midrib. |
basal blade oblanceolate, spatulate, 5–10 cm × 10–25(–30) mm, margins entire, apex acute, apiculate, with tuft of white hairs; cauline in 5–10 pairs, sessile, reduced distally, blade with both surfaces obscured by dense, silky, grayish-white tomentum. |
Inflorescences | dichasial cymes, several- to many-flowered, open, bracteate; bracts lanceolate, 4–20 × 2–7 mm, herbaceous, softly hairy throughout with long-septate hairs, not glandular, or with some glandular hairs. |
with 1–several dichotomies, several-flowered, open, bracteate; branches ascending, elongate; bracts leaflike, 10–20 mm. |
Pedicels | ascending, 0.2–3 cm, usually shorter than calyx. |
straight, stout, to 10 cm. |
Flowers | unisexual, some plants having only staminate flowers, others having only pistillate flowers, 20–25 mm diam.; calyx 8–12-veined, campanulate, narrowly so in staminate flowers, broadly in pistillate, 10–15 × to 7 mm in flower, 11 mm broad in fruit, herbaceous, margins dentate, softly pubescent, lobes 5, erect, lanceolate, 2–3 mm; petals bright pink, clawed, claw equaling or longer than calyx, limb spreading horizontally, broadly obovate, unlobed or 2-lobed, to 12 × 12 mm, appendages 4, ca. 1 mm; stamens and stigmas equaling petal claw; styles 5. |
ca. 35 mm; calyx thickly 10-veined, obovate, ca. 15 × 10 mm in fruit, margins dentate with 5 narrowly lanceolate lobes ca. 1/4 length of tube, tomentose; corolla rich magenta-pink, sometimes white, clawed, claw equaling calyx, limb spreading horizontally, broadly obovate, shallowly 2-lobed, appendages 2, narrow, 2–4 mm; stamens equaling claw; stigmas 5, equaling claw. |
Capsules | broadly ovoid to globose, equaling and often splitting calyx, opening by 5 (splitting into 10) revolute teeth; carpophore absent. |
equaling to tightly enclosed within calyx, obovate-elliptic, ca. 14 mm, opening by 5 spreading, lanceolate teeth; carpophore ca. 2 mm. |
Seeds | dark brown to black, broadly reniform, plump, 1–1.6 mm, densely and evenly papillate. |
grayish brown, reniform-rotund, plump, 1–1.5 mm, coarsely verrucate. |
2n | = 24. |
= 24. |
Silene dioica |
Silene coronaria |
|
Phenology | Flowering summer. | Flowering summer. |
Habitat | Woodlands, hedges, gardens, riverbanks, open waste places | Roadsides, fields, waste or rocky places |
Elevation | 0-500 m (0-1600 ft) | 0-300 m (0-1000 ft) |
Distribution |
CT; IA; IL; MA; MD; ME; MT; NH; NJ; NY; OH; OR; PA; RI; SD; VT; WA; WI; BC; MB; NB; NF; NS; ON; QC; Europe [Introduced in North America]
|
AL; AR; CA; CT; ID; IL; IN; LA; MA; MD; MI; MO; NC; NH; NJ; NY; OH; OR; PA; SC; UT; VA; VT; WA; WI; WV; BC; NB; NS; ON; QC; Europe [Introduced in North America]
|
Discussion | Silene dioica is closely related to S. latifolia and completely interfertile with it. The two species hybridize wherever they grow in close proximity, and the offspring (S. hampeana Meusel & K. Werner) usually have pale pink flowers. Silene dioica and S. latifolia are difficult to separate in herbarium material unless flower color has been noted. The characters that distinguish S. dioica are the usually dense, long, and soft pubescence covering at least the distal portion of the plant; the broad, almost globose, thin, and brittle capsule with revolute teeth; and the softer, thinner, usually broader leaves. Occasionally, double-flowered plants are encountered as garden escapes. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Silene coronaria is commonly cultivated and occasionally escapes. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 5, p. 181. | FNA vol. 5, p. 180. |
Parent taxa | Caryophyllaceae > subfam. Caryophylloideae > Silene | Caryophyllaceae > subfam. Caryophylloideae > Silene |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | Lychnis dioica, Lychnis rubra, Melandrium dioicum, Melandrium dioicum subsp. rubrum, Melandrium rubrum | Agrostemma coronaria, Lychnis coronaria |
Name authority | (Linnaeus) Clairville: Man. Herbor. Suisse, 146. (1811) | (Linnaeus) Clairville: Man. Herbor. Suisse, 145. (1811) |
Web links |
|