Silene csereii |
Silene scaposa |
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Balkan campion, Balkan catchfly, biennial campion, silène bisannuel |
Blue Mountain catchfly, Robinson's catchfly, stem campion |
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Habit | Plants annual or biennial, glabrous and somewhat glaucous; tap-root stout. | Plants perennial, subscapose, cespitose; taproot stout; caudex branched, woody. |
Stems | erect, sparingly branched below inflorescence, robust, to 65 cm. |
several, erect, simple, 15–50 cm, puberulent, viscid-glandular distally. |
Leaves | basal few, usually withering by time of anthesis, blade spatulate; cauline numerous, 2 per node, blade 1-veined, ovate-lanceolate to oblanceolate, 3–7 cm × 7–30 mm, margins entire, apex acute. |
mostly basal; basal marcescent, long-petiolate, densely tufted, blade 1-veined, narrowly oblanceolate, 2–10(–20) cm × 2–12(–20) mm, not fleshy, base tapering to petiole, apex acute to obtuse, finely puberulent on both surfaces; cauline in 1–3 pairs, sessile, much reduced, blade linear-lanceolate, not fleshy. |
Inflorescences | many-flowered, open, bracteate; primary branches racemose, elongate, with sessile or shortly pedunculate cymes of 1–6 flowers per node; bracts narrowly lanceolate, 3–12 mm, hyaline-margined, apex acute. |
1–5(–7)-flowered, with terminal flower and lateral, open, pedunculate cymes often reduced to single flowers, bracteate; bracts narrowly lanceolate, 3–10(–20) mm. |
Pedicels | ascending, ± straight, 1–2 times calyx, broadening at calyx base. |
erect, elongate, 0.5–4.5 cm, glandular-puberulent. |
Flowers | calyx often obscurely ca. 20-veined, elliptic, abruptly contracted at base, opening constricted to 1/2 its diam., slightly inflated in flower, 7–10 × 3–4 mm, in fruit tightly enveloping capsule, ovoid, thin, enlarging to 9–13 × 5–7 mm, herbaceous, margins narrow, membranous, dentate with broadly triangular lobes to 1 mm, glabrous, veins obscure, usually purple tinged, without conspicuous, pale commissures, longitudinal, parallel, not obviously reticulate; petals white, clawed, claw equaling calyx, limb deeply 2-fid into 2 spatulate lobes, to 5 mm, appendages ca. 0.5 mm; stamens exserted, to 2 times length of calyx; filaments usually dark purple; stigmas 3, exserted, to 2 times length of calyx. |
calyx prominently 10-veined, those to lobes lance-shaped broadened and thickened distally, commissural veins slender, not forked distally, campanulate, 10–12 × 3.5–5 mm in flower, enlarging to 15 × 10 mm in fruit, not contracted around carpophore, papery, margins dentate, glandular-pubescent, viscid, veins parallel, with pale commissures, lobes patent, ovate, 1.5–4 mm, rigid, margins broad, membranous; corolla off-white to dingy purple-red, clawed, claw exceeding calyx, ciliate proximally, broadened distally, limbs erect, 2–4-lobed, less than 1/2 length of calyx, lobes 2–5 mm, appendages 2–4, 0.5–1 mm; stamens slightly exserted; filaments lanate, expanded at base; styles 3–5, ± equaling calyx. |
Capsules | ovoid, equaling calyx and sometimes splitting it, opening by 6 recurved, narrowly lanceolate teeth; carpophore ca. 1 mm. |
slightly longer than calyx, opening by 3–5 teeth; carpophore 1.5–2.5 mm. |
Seeds | grayish brown, plump, broadly reniform, 0.6–1 mm, with concentric rings of papillae; papillae slightly longer than broad. |
brown, reniform, 1.2–2 mm, margins with large, inflated papillae, rugose on sides. |
2n | = 24. |
= 48. |
Silene csereii |
Silene scaposa |
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Phenology | Flowering summer. | Flowering early summer. |
Habitat | Cultivated fields, roadsides, waste land | Subalpine grassy, gravelly, or rocky slopes, ponderosa pine forests, juniper scrub, sagebrush |
Elevation | 0-1600 m (0-5200 ft) | 900-3000 m (3000-9800 ft) |
Distribution |
CO; CT; IA; ID; IL; IN; MA; MD; ME; MI; MN; MO; MT; NC; ND; NH; NY; OH; PA; SD; VT; WA; WI; WY; AB; BC; MB; ON; QC; SK; Europe [Introduced in North America]
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CO; ID; NV; OR
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Discussion | Often confused with Silene vulgaris, S. csereii may be readily separated by the long, racemose primary branches of its inflorescence, the elliptic calyx that is constricted at both ends, tightly enclosing the capsule and lacking obvious reticulate venation, and the purple filaments. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Silene scaposa is a very distinct species with its subscapose inflorescence, coronalike ring of short petals, and distended fruiting calyx in which the veins to the lobes are markedly broadened and lanceolate. Variation in lobing of the corolla has been the basis for recognizing two varieties: var. scaposa (var. typica C. L. Hitchcock & Maguire), which has two-lobed petals, and var. lobata, which has four-lobed petals. However, these differences appear to be of little significance. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 5, p. 180. | FNA vol. 5, p. 202. |
Parent taxa | Caryophyllaceae > subfam. Caryophylloideae > Silene | Caryophyllaceae > subfam. Caryophylloideae > Silene |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | S. scaposa var. lobata | |
Name authority | Baumgarten: Enum. Stirp. Transsilv. 3: 345. (1816) | B. L. Robinson: Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 28: 145. (1893) |
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