Silene csereii |
Silene campanulata |
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Balkan campion, Balkan catchfly, biennial campion, silène bisannuel |
bell catchfly, campanulate campion, red mountain catchfly, slender campion |
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Habit | Plants annual or biennial, glabrous and somewhat glaucous; tap-root stout. | Plants perennial; taproot stout; caudex much-branched, woody, producing many erect-to-straggling, little-branched flowering shoots. | ||||
Stems | erect, sparingly branched below inflorescence, robust, to 65 cm. |
erect, 5–40 cm, softly pubescent to scabrous, eglandular or viscid-glandular, especially distally, very rarely glabrous, with several pairs of leaves equaling or shorter than internodes. |
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Leaves | basal few, usually withering by time of anthesis, blade spatulate; cauline numerous, 2 per node, blade 1-veined, ovate-lanceolate to oblanceolate, 3–7 cm × 7–30 mm, margins entire, apex acute. |
sessile, or basal with short pseudopetiole; blade linear to lanceolate or broadly ovate, base round to cuneate, apex acute to shortly acuminate, puberulent on both surfaces, sometimes glandular. |
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Inflorescences | many-flowered, open, bracteate; primary branches racemose, elongate, with sessile or shortly pedunculate cymes of 1–6 flowers per node; bracts narrowly lanceolate, 3–12 mm, hyaline-margined, apex acute. |
usually with single dichotomy, rarely double, open, bracteate, branches often elongate, flowers 1 per node; bracts foliaceous. |
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Pedicels | ascending, ± straight, 1–2 times calyx, broadening at calyx base. |
sharply reflexed at base, especially after anthesis, equaling calyx. |
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Flowers | calyx often obscurely ca. 20-veined, elliptic, abruptly contracted at base, opening constricted to 1/2 its diam., slightly inflated in flower, 7–10 × 3–4 mm, in fruit tightly enveloping capsule, ovoid, thin, enlarging to 9–13 × 5–7 mm, herbaceous, margins narrow, membranous, dentate with broadly triangular lobes to 1 mm, glabrous, veins obscure, usually purple tinged, without conspicuous, pale commissures, longitudinal, parallel, not obviously reticulate; petals white, clawed, claw equaling calyx, limb deeply 2-fid into 2 spatulate lobes, to 5 mm, appendages ca. 0.5 mm; stamens exserted, to 2 times length of calyx; filaments usually dark purple; stigmas 3, exserted, to 2 times length of calyx. |
nodding; calyx obscurely 10-veined, broadly campanulate, lobed, 6–8 mm, enlarging to 13–16 mm in fruit, herbaceous, usually with short, dense pubescence throughout, often glandular-viscid, veins green, rarely purplish tinged, conspicuous pale commissures absent; lobes ovate-triangular, 1/2 to equaling tube, herbaceous; petals creamy white, often greenish abaxially, rarely pink tinged to dusky pink (subsp. campanulata), clawed, to 2 times calyx, claw villose, limb deeply divided and fan-shaped with many narrow, linear lobes, lobes rapidly curling, margins deeply divided or erose, appendages 2–4, to 2 mm; stamens exserted; filaments hairy at base; styles 3, to 2 times calyx. |
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Capsules | ovoid, equaling calyx and sometimes splitting it, opening by 6 recurved, narrowly lanceolate teeth; carpophore ca. 1 mm. |
ovoid, ca. equaling calyx and often splitting it, opening by 6 broadly triangular teeth; carpophore 1–2.5 mm. |
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Seeds | grayish brown, plump, broadly reniform, 0.6–1 mm, with concentric rings of papillae; papillae slightly longer than broad. |
brown, reniform, 2–2.5 mm broad, coarsely and ± evenly papillate; papillae ca. as long as broad. |
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2n | = 24. |
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Silene csereii |
Silene campanulata |
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Phenology | Flowering summer. | |||||
Habitat | Cultivated fields, roadsides, waste land | |||||
Elevation | 0-1600 m (0-5200 ft) | |||||
Distribution |
CO; CT; IA; ID; IL; IN; MA; MD; ME; MI; MN; MO; MT; NC; ND; NH; NY; OH; PA; SD; VT; WA; WI; WY; AB; BC; MB; ON; QC; SK; Europe [Introduced in North America]
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CA; OR
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Discussion | Often confused with Silene vulgaris, S. csereii may be readily separated by the long, racemose primary branches of its inflorescence, the elliptic calyx that is constricted at both ends, tightly enclosing the capsule and lacking obvious reticulate venation, and the purple filaments. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Subspecies 2 (2 in the flora). (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
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Key |
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Source | FNA vol. 5, p. 180. | FNA vol. 5, p. 176. | ||||
Parent taxa | Caryophyllaceae > subfam. Caryophylloideae > Silene | Caryophyllaceae > subfam. Caryophylloideae > Silene | ||||
Sibling taxa | ||||||
Subordinate taxa | ||||||
Name authority | Baumgarten: Enum. Stirp. Transsilv. 3: 345. (1816) | S. Watson: Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 10: 341. (1875) | ||||
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