Sidotheca trilobata |
Polygonaceae subfam. eriogonoideae |
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three lobed oxytheca, three-lobed starry puncturebract, threelobe starry puncturebract |
wild buckwheat |
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Habit | Plants 0.7–5 × 0.7–6(–11) dm. | Shrubs, subshrubs, or herbs, sometimes nearly arborescent (Eriogonum), perennial, biennial, or annual, homophyllous, polycarpic (rarely monocarpic in Eriogonum); taproot solid or, rarely, chambered (Eriogonum), slender to stout. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Stems | erect or more commonly spreading to prostrate. |
prostrate or decumbent to spreading or erect, sometimes scapose, rarely absent (Eriogonum), without recurved spines, glabrous or pubescent, sometimes glandular; nodes not swollen; tendrils absent; caudex stems tightly compact to spreading and at or just below the soil surface or spreading to erect and above the soil surface, woody; aerial flowering stems decumbent to spreading or erect, arising at nodes of caudex branches, at distal nodes of aerial branches, or directly from the root, slender to stout and solid or slightly to distinctly fistulose, rarely disarticulating in ringlike segments (Eriogonum). |
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Leaves | blades spatulate to oblanceolate or linear, 1–5(–9) × 0.2–0.7(–2) cm. |
deciduous (persistent in some shrubby and matted Eriogonum species), basal or basal and cauline, rarely only cauline, rosulate, alternate, or infrequently opposite (Goodmania) or in whorls of 3 (Gilmania); stipules absent (possibly vestigial in some perennial species of Chorizanthe); petiole present, sometimes indistinct, not articulate or with extrafloral nectaries; blade simple, rarely lobed (Pterostegia), rarely awn-tipped (Goodmania). |
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Inflorescences | open, 0.5–4 dm; bracts mostly 2–8 × 1–3 mm, awns 0.8–1 mm. |
terminal or terminal and axillary, cymose and dichotomously or trichotomously branched, or racemose, simple or compound umbellate, or capitate; bracts usually connate proximally, leaflike or scalelike, entire apically, sometimes awn-tipped, glabrous or pubescent. |
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Peduncles | erect to spreading, 0.5–1.5 cm, glabrous except sparsely glandular proximally. |
absent or erect to deflexed relative to inflorescence branch, sometimes reflexed, straight or curved. |
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Involucres | concolored, broadly turbinate, 3–8 mm, sparsely glandular; teeth 5(–6), connate 1/3–1/2 their length; awns greenish to reddish, 0.3–2 mm. |
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Flowers | 3–5(–10); perianth white to pink or reddish, 2.5–4 mm; tepals oblong, 3-lobed apically 1/3–1/2 their length, lobes sometimes laciniate; filaments 1–4 mm; anthers red to maroon, ellipsoid to oval, 0.5–0.7 mm. |
(1–)2–30(–100) per involucral structure, occasionally with stipelike base distal to articulations (Eriogonum); perianth accrescent in fruit, mostly white to red, yellow, light green, greenish white, maroon, or purple, urceolate to campanulate, occasionally glandular or pustulose abaxially, nearly always minutely glandular along midvein adaxially, glabrous or pubescent; tepals (5–)6, in 2 whorls of 3, connate proximally, typically not forming tube (except Chorizanthe, Lastarriaea, Mucronea, Pterostegia), petaloid or, rarely, coriaceous (Lastarriaea), monomorphic or dimorphic, entire, emarginate, or lobed to laciniate apically, rarely awn-tipped (Lastarriaea) or apiculate (Eriogonum); nectary a disk at base of ovary; stamens 3, 6, or 9 (variously 3–9 in Chorizanthe, Mucronea); staminodes absent; filaments usually distinct, occasionally forming staminal tube (Chorizanthe); pistils 3-carpellate, homostylous; ovary 1-locular; ovule 1, orthotropous, placentation basal; styles 3, distinct; stigmas capitate. |
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Achenes | golden-brown, 1.2–2 mm. |
brown to black or maroon, homocarpic, winged or unwinged, 3-gonous, less often lenticular or globose-lenticular to globose. |
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Seeds | embryo straight or curved. |
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Involucral | structures tubular (involucre) or consisting of a series of individual bractlike lobes (involucral bracts) arranged in whorls or spirals, rarely absent (Gilmania), awns present or absent; involucre cylindric, prismatic, turbinate, campanulate, urceolate, or funnelform with 3–8(–36) usually erect teeth or 4–12 spreading to reflexed lobes (teeth and lobes are distal portions of proximally connate involucral bracts); involucral bracts in 1–3 whorls, rarely in spirals (Johanneshowellia), free or connate only at base, linear to oblanceolate or ovate. |
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2n | = 40. |
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Sidotheca trilobata |
Polygonaceae subfam. eriogonoideae |
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Phenology | Flowering Apr–Sep. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Habitat | Sandy flats, washes, slopes, chaparral communities, montane coniferous woodlands | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Elevation | 700-2100 m (2300-6900 ft) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Distribution |
CA; Mexico (Baja California)
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Mainly temperate regions of w North America (Alaska to Mexico); uncommon in South America (Argentina and Chile) and e North America (WVa s to c Fla, e to Mo, Okla, and Tex) |
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Discussion | Sidotheca trilobata occurs in the Transverse Ranges of southern California from Los Angeles and San Bernardino counties southward into northern Baja California, Mexico. It is the most commonly encountered species of the genus. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Genera 20, species ca. 325 (19 genera, 281 species in the flora). Detailed habitat, elevation, and distribution data for the eriogonoid genera are maintained by the author and available on the Web at: “Eriogonoideae (Polygonaceae) of North America north of Mexico” (http://www.life.umd.edu/emeritus/reveal/pbio/eriog/key.html). (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
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Key |
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Source | FNA vol. 5, p. 440. | FNA vol. 5, p. 218. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Parent taxa | Polygonaceae > subfam. Eriogonoideae > Sidotheca | Polygonaceae | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Sibling taxa | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Synonyms | Oxytheca trilobata, Eriogonum trilobatum | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Name authority | (A. Gray) Reveal: Harvard Pap. Bot. 9: 211. (2004) | Arnott: in M. Napier, Encycl. Brit. ed. 7, 5: 126. (1832) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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