Sideroxylon reclinatum |
Sideroxylon lycioides |
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Florida bully |
buckthorn bully |
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Habit | Shrubs or trees, to 5 m. Stems armed, glabrous, glabrate, or strigose. | Shrubs or trees, to 14 m. Stems not armed or armed, glabrous. | ||||
Leaves | deciduous or persistent; petiole 1.5–6 mm, usually glabrous, sometimes hairy at base; blade (lustrous dark green adaxially), broadly elliptic, oblanceolate, or spatulate, 9–52 × 3.5–25 mm, base attenuate to cuneate, margins plane, apex rounded to obtuse, sometimes retuse, abaxial surface glabrous or sparsely villous along midrib or villous across blade (hairs tawny), venation visible, adaxial surface glabrous or sparsely villous along midrib, midrib flat, marginal vein absent. |
deciduous; petiole 3–14 mm, glabrous; blade (dull to lustrous dark green adaxially), elliptic to ovate or oblanceolate, 30–122 × 13–50 mm, base acute to attenuate, margins plane, apex usually acute to acuminate, sometimes rounded, surfaces glabrous or sometimes glabrate abaxially, venation visible, midrib villous (hairs white), slightly raised, marginal vein absent. |
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Inflorescences | 4–20-flowered. |
7–40-flowered. |
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Pedicels | 2–16 mm, usually glabrous, rarely strigose. |
2–10 mm, glabrous. |
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Flowers | calyx 1.5–2.4 mm diam.; sepals 5(–6), 1.4–2.1 × 1–1.3 mm, usually glabrous, rarely strigose; petals 5, white, median segment broadly ovate, 1.1–1.3 mm, lateral segments lanceolate to falcate, 1.1–1.3 mm; stamens 5, 2.3–2.7 mm; staminodes broadly lanceolate, 1.1–1.3 mm, erose; anthers lanceolate to sagittate, 0.9–1.2 mm; pistil (4–)5-carpellate; ovary (4–)5-locular, 1–1.3 mm, sparsely to densely strigose; style 0.7–1.2 mm. |
calyx 1.3–3.1 mm diam., sepals 5(–6), 1.6–2.4 × 0.8–1.9 mm, glabrous; petals 5(–6), white, median segment elliptic to ovate, 1.8–2 mm, lateral segments falcate, 1.1–1.7 mm; stamens 5(–6), 2.7–2.9 mm; staminodes lanceolate, 1.5–2 mm, entire; anthers sagittate-lanceolate, 1.3–1.5 mm; pistil (4–)5(–6)-carpellate; ovary (4–)5(–6)-locular, 1–1.2 mm, glabrous or pilose to hirsute; style 1.2–1.3 mm. |
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Berries | purplish black, ellipsoid to subglobose, 4–9 mm, glabrous or glabrate. |
purplish black, ellipsoid to subglobose, 9–16 mm, glabrous or glabrate. |
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Seeds | 3–7 mm. |
6.5–9 mm. |
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Sideroxylon reclinatum |
Sideroxylon lycioides |
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Phenology | Flowering Jun–Aug. | |||||
Habitat | Upland, moist and floodplain forests, edges of swamps, hammocks | |||||
Elevation | 10-1500 m (0-4900 ft) | |||||
Distribution |
AL; FL; GA; LA; MS; SC
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AL; AR; DE; FL; GA; IL; IN; KY; LA; MO; MS; NC; SC; TN; TX; VA
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Discussion | Subspecies 2 (2 in the flora). Except for its treatment as a variety of Bumelia lycioides, Sideroxylon reclinatum generally has been recognized at the rank of species. Its distinctive characteristics are shrubby habit, twigs with thorns, conspicuously reticulate leaves, glabrous or sparsely villous (subsp. reclinatum), or villous (subsp. austrofloridense) abaxial leaf surfaces, white to tawny hairs, and comparatively small fruits. Because of polymorphism in twig indument, the extent of indument on abaxial leaf surfaces, hair density of sepals and pistils, and fruit size, two or three infraspecific taxa have been recognized commonly (R. D. Whetstone 1985). Although var. or subsp. rufotomentosum previously has been included in B. reticulata, S. rufohirtum (= B. rufotomentosa) is treated as a species here (see discussion under S. rufohirtum). We recognize two subspecies within S. reclinatum differentiated by the extent of indument on abaxial leaf surfaces. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Sideroxylon lycioides is characterized generally by elliptic leaves and glabrous twigs and leaves. Varieties and segregate species have been recognized based on variation in leaf size and shape, leaf apex, and fruit size and shape. As observed by A. Cronquist (1945c), most of these characters exhibit continuous variation among collections throughout the range of S. lycioides. Because of this pattern of variation without marked morphological gaps, we recognize no infraspecific variants. T. D. Pennington (1990) proposed that S. lanuginosum, S. lycioides, S. reclinatum, and S. tenax are closely related and that this complex of species is morphologically distinct from neotropical species of Sideroxylon. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
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Key |
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Source | FNA vol. 8, p. 241. | FNA vol. 8, p. 240. | ||||
Parent taxa | Sapotaceae > Sideroxylon | Sapotaceae > Sideroxylon | ||||
Sibling taxa | ||||||
Subordinate taxa | ||||||
Synonyms | Bumelia lycioides var. reclinata, Bumelia reclinata | Bumelia lycioides, Bumelia lycioides var. ellipsoidalis, Bumelia lycioides var. virginiana, Bumelia smallii | ||||
Name authority | Michaux: Fl. Bor.-Amer. 1: 122. 1803 , | Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. ed. 2, 1: 279. 1762 , | ||||
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