Sideroxylon celastrinum |
Sideroxylon tenax |
|
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bumelia, coma, saffron plum |
tough bully |
|
Habit | Shrubs or trees, to 10 m. Stems armed, villous, glabrescent. | Shrubs or trees, to 8 m. Stems armed, sericeous, glabrescent. |
Leaves | deciduous; petiole 1–6.5 mm, glabrous; blade (dark green adaxially), broadly elliptic, obovate, oblanceolate, or spatulate, 6–38 × 3–23 mm, base attenuate to cuneate, margins plane, apex rounded to obtuse, surfaces glabrous, tertiary and smaller veins not prominent (inconspicuously reticulate), midrib flat, marginal vein present. |
deciduous or persistent; petiole 3–10 mm, sparsely to densely villous (hairs tawny or reddish brown to brown); blade (dull to lustrous adaxially), oblanceolate to spatulate, 23–64 × 6–22 mm, base cuneate to attenuate, margins plane, apex rounded to obtuse or retuse, abaxial surface densely sericeous (hairs tawny or reddish brown to brown), venation obscured by hairs, adaxial surface glabrous or glabrate, midrib flat or slightly sunken, marginal vein absent. |
Inflorescences | 4–12-flowered. |
8–40-flowered. |
Pedicels | 3–6 mm, glabrous. |
4–12 mm, sericeous (hairs tawny or reddish brown to brown). |
Flowers | calyx 1.8–3 mm diam.; sepals 5, 1.7–3 × 0.9–1.9 mm, glabrous; petals 5(–6), white to yellowish, median segment elliptic, 1.9–2.3 mm, lateral segments lanceolate, 1.3–2.3 mm; stamens 5(–6), 2.2–2.9 mm; staminodes lanceolate, 1.7–2.1 mm, minutely erose; anthers lanceolate, 0.7–1 mm; pistil 5-carpellate; ovary 5-locular, 0.9–1.3 mm, hirsute to strigose basally; style 2.2–2.8 mm. |
calyx 1.4–2.2 mm diam.; sepals 5, 2–2.5 × 1.4–1.8 mm, sericeous (hairs tawny or reddish brown to brown); petals 5, white, median segment elliptic to obovate, 1.7–1.8 mm, lateral segments lanceolate, 1.5–1.8 mm; stamens 5, 2–2.3 mm; staminodes broadly lanceolate, 1.3–1.8 mm, entire; anthers sagittate, 0.7–1 mm; pistil 5-carpellate; ovary 5-locular, 0.9–1.3 mm, glabrous or strigose distally; style 0.7–0.9 mm. |
Berries | purple to purplish black, ellipsoid, 8–12 mm, glabrous. |
purplish black, ellipsoid to obovoid, 8–13 mm, glabrous. |
Seeds | 6–11 mm. |
8–12 mm. |
Sideroxylon celastrinum |
Sideroxylon tenax |
|
Phenology | Flowering May–Nov. | Flowering May–Jun. |
Habitat | Scrub thickets, coastal marshes and hammocks | Dry, sandy soils in pine forests, pine-oak scrub, and hammocks on coastal plain |
Elevation | 0-100[-900] m (0-300[-3000] ft) | 0-100 m (0-300 ft) |
Distribution |
FL; TX; Mexico; Central America; West Indies; n South America
|
FL; GA; NC; SC
|
Discussion | Sideroxylon celastrinum is widespread in the Neotropics. It differs from other North American species of the genus by its glabrous twigs, leaves, pedicels, and sepals, and its narrowly ellipsoid fruits. The fruits are edible (T. D. Pennington 1990). (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Sideroxylon tenax is a thorny shrub or tree characterized by sericious abaxial leaf surfaces, pedicels, and calyces with tawny, brown, or reddish brown hairs. Segregate species were named by Small based on widespread variation in leaf size, pedicel length, and fruit size. The segregate species were recognized by R. B. Clark (1942); A. Cronquist (1945c) and later workers have submerged them because of intergradation across the range of S. tenax. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 8, p. 238. | FNA vol. 8, p. 243. |
Parent taxa | Sapotaceae > Sideroxylon | Sapotaceae > Sideroxylon |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | Bumelia celastrina, Bumelia angustifolia, Bumelia celastrina var. angustifolia | Bumelia lacuum, Bumelia megacocca, Bumelia tenax |
Name authority | (Kunth) T. D. Pennington: in Organization for Flora Neotropica, Fl. Neotrop. 52: 123. (1990) | Linnaeus: Mant. Pl. 1: 48. 1767 , |
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