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bumelia, coma, saffron plum

tough bully

Habit Shrubs or trees, to 10 m. Stems armed, villous, glabrescent. Shrubs or trees, to 8 m. Stems armed, sericeous, glabrescent.
Leaves

deciduous;

petiole 1–6.5 mm, glabrous;

blade (dark green adaxially), broadly elliptic, obovate, oblanceolate, or spatulate, 6–38 × 3–23 mm, base attenuate to cuneate, margins plane, apex rounded to obtuse, surfaces glabrous, tertiary and smaller veins not prominent (inconspicuously reticulate), midrib flat, marginal vein present.

deciduous or persistent;

petiole 3–10 mm, sparsely to densely villous (hairs tawny or reddish brown to brown);

blade (dull to lustrous adaxially), oblanceolate to spatulate, 23–64 × 6–22 mm, base cuneate to attenuate, margins plane, apex rounded to obtuse or retuse, abaxial surface densely sericeous (hairs tawny or reddish brown to brown), venation obscured by hairs, adaxial surface glabrous or glabrate, midrib flat or slightly sunken, marginal vein absent.

Inflorescences

4–12-flowered.

8–40-flowered.

Pedicels

3–6 mm, glabrous.

4–12 mm, sericeous (hairs tawny or reddish brown to brown).

Flowers

calyx 1.8–3 mm diam.;

sepals 5, 1.7–3 × 0.9–1.9 mm, glabrous;

petals 5(–6), white to yellowish, median segment elliptic, 1.9–2.3 mm, lateral segments lanceolate, 1.3–2.3 mm;

stamens 5(–6), 2.2–2.9 mm;

staminodes lanceolate, 1.7–2.1 mm, minutely erose;

anthers lanceolate, 0.7–1 mm;

pistil 5-carpellate;

ovary 5-locular, 0.9–1.3 mm, hirsute to strigose basally;

style 2.2–2.8 mm.

calyx 1.4–2.2 mm diam.;

sepals 5, 2–2.5 × 1.4–1.8 mm, sericeous (hairs tawny or reddish brown to brown);

petals 5, white, median segment elliptic to obovate, 1.7–1.8 mm, lateral segments lanceolate, 1.5–1.8 mm;

stamens 5, 2–2.3 mm;

staminodes broadly lanceolate, 1.3–1.8 mm, entire;

anthers sagittate, 0.7–1 mm;

pistil 5-carpellate;

ovary 5-locular, 0.9–1.3 mm, glabrous or strigose distally;

style 0.7–0.9 mm.

Berries

purple to purplish black, ellipsoid, 8–12 mm, glabrous.

purplish black, ellipsoid to obovoid, 8–13 mm, glabrous.

Seeds

6–11 mm.

8–12 mm.

Sideroxylon celastrinum

Sideroxylon tenax

Phenology Flowering May–Nov. Flowering May–Jun.
Habitat Scrub thickets, coastal marshes and hammocks Dry, sandy soils in pine forests, pine-oak scrub, and hammocks on coastal plain
Elevation 0-100[-900] m (0-300[-3000] ft) 0-100 m (0-300 ft)
Distribution
from FNA
FL; TX; Mexico; Central America; West Indies; n South America
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
FL; GA; NC; SC
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Sideroxylon celastrinum is widespread in the Neotropics. It differs from other North American species of the genus by its glabrous twigs, leaves, pedicels, and sepals, and its narrowly ellipsoid fruits. The fruits are edible (T. D. Pennington 1990).

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Sideroxylon tenax is a thorny shrub or tree characterized by sericious abaxial leaf surfaces, pedicels, and calyces with tawny, brown, or reddish brown hairs. Segregate species were named by Small based on widespread variation in leaf size, pedicel length, and fruit size. The segregate species were recognized by R. B. Clark (1942); A. Cronquist (1945c) and later workers have submerged them because of intergradation across the range of S. tenax.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Source FNA vol. 8, p. 238. FNA vol. 8, p. 243.
Parent taxa Sapotaceae > Sideroxylon Sapotaceae > Sideroxylon
Sibling taxa
S. alachuense, S. foetidissimum, S. lanuginosum, S. lycioides, S. macrocarpum, S. reclinatum, S. rufohirtum, S. salicifolium, S. tenax, S. thornei
S. alachuense, S. celastrinum, S. foetidissimum, S. lanuginosum, S. lycioides, S. macrocarpum, S. reclinatum, S. rufohirtum, S. salicifolium, S. thornei
Synonyms Bumelia celastrina, Bumelia angustifolia, Bumelia celastrina var. angustifolia Bumelia lacuum, Bumelia megacocca, Bumelia tenax
Name authority (Kunth) T. D. Pennington: in Organization for Flora Neotropica, Fl. Neotrop. 52: 123. (1990) Linnaeus: Mant. Pl. 1: 48. 1767 ,
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