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bumelia, coma, saffron plum

white bully, willow bustic

Habit Shrubs or trees, to 10 m. Stems armed, villous, glabrescent. Shrubs or trees, to 25 m. Stems not armed, glabrate.
Leaves

deciduous;

petiole 1–6.5 mm, glabrous;

blade (dark green adaxially), broadly elliptic, obovate, oblanceolate, or spatulate, 6–38 × 3–23 mm, base attenuate to cuneate, margins plane, apex rounded to obtuse, surfaces glabrous, tertiary and smaller veins not prominent (inconspicuously reticulate), midrib flat, marginal vein present.

deciduous;

petiole 6–14 mm, glabrous or glabrate;

blade (lustrous dark green adaxially), elliptic, 24–111 × 12–40 mm, base attenuate, margins plane, apex acute to acuminate, abaxial surface glabrous or glabrate with hairs scattered along midrib (hairs reddish brown), venation visible, adaxial surface glabrous, midrib slightly raised, marginal vein present.

Inflorescences

4–12-flowered.

5–14-flowered.

Pedicels

3–6 mm, glabrous.

1–5 mm, sericeous (hairs reddish brown).

Flowers

calyx 1.8–3 mm diam.;

sepals 5, 1.7–3 × 0.9–1.9 mm, glabrous;

petals 5(–6), white to yellowish, median segment elliptic, 1.9–2.3 mm, lateral segments lanceolate, 1.3–2.3 mm;

stamens 5(–6), 2.2–2.9 mm;

staminodes lanceolate, 1.7–2.1 mm, minutely erose;

anthers lanceolate, 0.7–1 mm;

pistil 5-carpellate;

ovary 5-locular, 0.9–1.3 mm, hirsute to strigose basally;

style 2.2–2.8 mm.

calyx 1.5–2.5 mm diam.;

sepals 5, 1.5–1.6 × 1.3–1.8 mm, sericeous (hairs white to tawny);

petals 5, white to cream, median segment ovate to suborbiculate, 1.6–1.8 mm, lateral segments lanceolate, 1.3–1.6 mm;

stamens 5, 2.8–3.5 mm;

staminodes lanceolate, 1.8–2.2 mm, erose;

anthers lanceolate-sagittate, 0.8–1.3 mm;

pistil 5-carpellate;

ovary 5-locular, 1–1.2 mm, glabrous;

style 0.9–1.5 mm.

Berries

purple to purplish black, ellipsoid, 8–12 mm, glabrous.

purplish black, broadly ellipsoid to subglobose, 6–10 mm, glabrous.

Seeds

6–11 mm.

4–6 mm.

Sideroxylon celastrinum

Sideroxylon salicifolium

Phenology Flowering May–Nov. Flowering Feb–May.
Habitat Scrub thickets, coastal marshes and hammocks Pine woodlands and savannas, hammocks
Elevation 0-100[-900] m (0-300[-3000] ft) 0-100[-1500] m (0-300[-4900] ft)
Distribution
from FNA
FL; TX; Mexico; Central America; West Indies; n South America
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
FL; Mexico; West Indies; Central America (Belize, Guatemala)
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Sideroxylon celastrinum is widespread in the Neotropics. It differs from other North American species of the genus by its glabrous twigs, leaves, pedicels, and sepals, and its narrowly ellipsoid fruits. The fruits are edible (T. D. Pennington 1990).

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Sideroxylon salicifolium is recognizable readily by twigs lacking short shoots and thorns, glabrous or glabrate abaxial leaf surfaces, glabrous ovaries, and the presence of endosperm. Prior to T. D. Pennington’s (1990) treatment, most authors (e.g., A. Cronquist 1945c) placed S. salicifolium in Dipholis, based on the aforementioned characteristics. Molecular phylogenetic analyses by U. Swenson and A. A. Anderberg (2005) provided robust support for the nesting of S. salicifolium + S. foetidissimum among other sampled species of Sideroxylon. Cronquist noted its similarities in vegetative characters to the neotropical S. persimile (Hemsley) Pennington; the two are differentiated using flower and fruit characters (Pennington).

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Source FNA vol. 8, p. 238. FNA vol. 8, p. 243.
Parent taxa Sapotaceae > Sideroxylon Sapotaceae > Sideroxylon
Sibling taxa
S. alachuense, S. foetidissimum, S. lanuginosum, S. lycioides, S. macrocarpum, S. reclinatum, S. rufohirtum, S. salicifolium, S. tenax, S. thornei
S. alachuense, S. celastrinum, S. foetidissimum, S. lanuginosum, S. lycioides, S. macrocarpum, S. reclinatum, S. rufohirtum, S. tenax, S. thornei
Synonyms Bumelia celastrina, Bumelia angustifolia, Bumelia celastrina var. angustifolia Achras salicifolia, Bumelia salicifolia, Dipholis salicifolia, Dipholis salicifolia var. jamaicensis
Name authority (Kunth) T. D. Pennington: in Organization for Flora Neotropica, Fl. Neotrop. 52: 123. (1990) (Linnaeus) Lamarck: in J. Lamarck and J. Poiret, Tabl. Encycl. 2: 42. 1794 ,
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