Sideroxylon celastrinum |
Sideroxylon lycioides |
|
---|---|---|
bumelia, coma, saffron plum |
buckthorn bully |
|
Habit | Shrubs or trees, to 10 m. Stems armed, villous, glabrescent. | Shrubs or trees, to 14 m. Stems not armed or armed, glabrous. |
Leaves | deciduous; petiole 1–6.5 mm, glabrous; blade (dark green adaxially), broadly elliptic, obovate, oblanceolate, or spatulate, 6–38 × 3–23 mm, base attenuate to cuneate, margins plane, apex rounded to obtuse, surfaces glabrous, tertiary and smaller veins not prominent (inconspicuously reticulate), midrib flat, marginal vein present. |
deciduous; petiole 3–14 mm, glabrous; blade (dull to lustrous dark green adaxially), elliptic to ovate or oblanceolate, 30–122 × 13–50 mm, base acute to attenuate, margins plane, apex usually acute to acuminate, sometimes rounded, surfaces glabrous or sometimes glabrate abaxially, venation visible, midrib villous (hairs white), slightly raised, marginal vein absent. |
Inflorescences | 4–12-flowered. |
7–40-flowered. |
Pedicels | 3–6 mm, glabrous. |
2–10 mm, glabrous. |
Flowers | calyx 1.8–3 mm diam.; sepals 5, 1.7–3 × 0.9–1.9 mm, glabrous; petals 5(–6), white to yellowish, median segment elliptic, 1.9–2.3 mm, lateral segments lanceolate, 1.3–2.3 mm; stamens 5(–6), 2.2–2.9 mm; staminodes lanceolate, 1.7–2.1 mm, minutely erose; anthers lanceolate, 0.7–1 mm; pistil 5-carpellate; ovary 5-locular, 0.9–1.3 mm, hirsute to strigose basally; style 2.2–2.8 mm. |
calyx 1.3–3.1 mm diam., sepals 5(–6), 1.6–2.4 × 0.8–1.9 mm, glabrous; petals 5(–6), white, median segment elliptic to ovate, 1.8–2 mm, lateral segments falcate, 1.1–1.7 mm; stamens 5(–6), 2.7–2.9 mm; staminodes lanceolate, 1.5–2 mm, entire; anthers sagittate-lanceolate, 1.3–1.5 mm; pistil (4–)5(–6)-carpellate; ovary (4–)5(–6)-locular, 1–1.2 mm, glabrous or pilose to hirsute; style 1.2–1.3 mm. |
Berries | purple to purplish black, ellipsoid, 8–12 mm, glabrous. |
purplish black, ellipsoid to subglobose, 9–16 mm, glabrous or glabrate. |
Seeds | 6–11 mm. |
6.5–9 mm. |
Sideroxylon celastrinum |
Sideroxylon lycioides |
|
Phenology | Flowering May–Nov. | Flowering Jun–Aug. |
Habitat | Scrub thickets, coastal marshes and hammocks | Upland, moist and floodplain forests, edges of swamps, hammocks |
Elevation | 0-100[-900] m (0-300[-3000] ft) | 10-1500 m (0-4900 ft) |
Distribution |
FL; TX; Mexico; Central America; West Indies; n South America
|
AL; AR; DE; FL; GA; IL; IN; KY; LA; MO; MS; NC; SC; TN; TX; VA
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Discussion | Sideroxylon celastrinum is widespread in the Neotropics. It differs from other North American species of the genus by its glabrous twigs, leaves, pedicels, and sepals, and its narrowly ellipsoid fruits. The fruits are edible (T. D. Pennington 1990). (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Sideroxylon lycioides is characterized generally by elliptic leaves and glabrous twigs and leaves. Varieties and segregate species have been recognized based on variation in leaf size and shape, leaf apex, and fruit size and shape. As observed by A. Cronquist (1945c), most of these characters exhibit continuous variation among collections throughout the range of S. lycioides. Because of this pattern of variation without marked morphological gaps, we recognize no infraspecific variants. T. D. Pennington (1990) proposed that S. lanuginosum, S. lycioides, S. reclinatum, and S. tenax are closely related and that this complex of species is morphologically distinct from neotropical species of Sideroxylon. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 8, p. 238. | FNA vol. 8, p. 240. |
Parent taxa | Sapotaceae > Sideroxylon | Sapotaceae > Sideroxylon |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | Bumelia celastrina, Bumelia angustifolia, Bumelia celastrina var. angustifolia | Bumelia lycioides, Bumelia lycioides var. ellipsoidalis, Bumelia lycioides var. virginiana, Bumelia smallii |
Name authority | (Kunth) T. D. Pennington: in Organization for Flora Neotropica, Fl. Neotrop. 52: 123. (1990) | Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. ed. 2, 1: 279. 1762 , |
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