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bumelia, coma, saffron plum

buckthorn bully

Habit Shrubs or trees, to 10 m. Stems armed, villous, glabrescent. Shrubs or trees, to 14 m. Stems not armed or armed, glabrous.
Leaves

deciduous;

petiole 1–6.5 mm, glabrous;

blade (dark green adaxially), broadly elliptic, obovate, oblanceolate, or spatulate, 6–38 × 3–23 mm, base attenuate to cuneate, margins plane, apex rounded to obtuse, surfaces glabrous, tertiary and smaller veins not prominent (inconspicuously reticulate), midrib flat, marginal vein present.

deciduous;

petiole 3–14 mm, glabrous;

blade (dull to lustrous dark green adaxially), elliptic to ovate or oblanceolate, 30–122 × 13–50 mm, base acute to attenuate, margins plane, apex usually acute to acuminate, sometimes rounded, surfaces glabrous or sometimes glabrate abaxially, venation visible, midrib villous (hairs white), slightly raised, marginal vein absent.

Inflorescences

4–12-flowered.

7–40-flowered.

Pedicels

3–6 mm, glabrous.

2–10 mm, glabrous.

Flowers

calyx 1.8–3 mm diam.;

sepals 5, 1.7–3 × 0.9–1.9 mm, glabrous;

petals 5(–6), white to yellowish, median segment elliptic, 1.9–2.3 mm, lateral segments lanceolate, 1.3–2.3 mm;

stamens 5(–6), 2.2–2.9 mm;

staminodes lanceolate, 1.7–2.1 mm, minutely erose;

anthers lanceolate, 0.7–1 mm;

pistil 5-carpellate;

ovary 5-locular, 0.9–1.3 mm, hirsute to strigose basally;

style 2.2–2.8 mm.

calyx 1.3–3.1 mm diam., sepals 5(–6), 1.6–2.4 × 0.8–1.9 mm, glabrous;

petals 5(–6), white, median segment elliptic to ovate, 1.8–2 mm, lateral segments falcate, 1.1–1.7 mm;

stamens 5(–6), 2.7–2.9 mm;

staminodes lanceolate, 1.5–2 mm, entire;

anthers sagittate-lanceolate, 1.3–1.5 mm;

pistil (4–)5(–6)-carpellate;

ovary (4–)5(–6)-locular, 1–1.2 mm, glabrous or pilose to hirsute;

style 1.2–1.3 mm.

Berries

purple to purplish black, ellipsoid, 8–12 mm, glabrous.

purplish black, ellipsoid to subglobose, 9–16 mm, glabrous or glabrate.

Seeds

6–11 mm.

6.5–9 mm.

Sideroxylon celastrinum

Sideroxylon lycioides

Phenology Flowering May–Nov. Flowering Jun–Aug.
Habitat Scrub thickets, coastal marshes and hammocks Upland, moist and floodplain forests, edges of swamps, hammocks
Elevation 0-100[-900] m (0-300[-3000] ft) 10-1500 m (0-4900 ft)
Distribution
from FNA
FL; TX; Mexico; Central America; West Indies; n South America
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
AL; AR; DE; FL; GA; IL; IN; KY; LA; MO; MS; NC; SC; TN; TX; VA
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Sideroxylon celastrinum is widespread in the Neotropics. It differs from other North American species of the genus by its glabrous twigs, leaves, pedicels, and sepals, and its narrowly ellipsoid fruits. The fruits are edible (T. D. Pennington 1990).

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Sideroxylon lycioides is characterized generally by elliptic leaves and glabrous twigs and leaves. Varieties and segregate species have been recognized based on variation in leaf size and shape, leaf apex, and fruit size and shape. As observed by A. Cronquist (1945c), most of these characters exhibit continuous variation among collections throughout the range of S. lycioides. Because of this pattern of variation without marked morphological gaps, we recognize no infraspecific variants. T. D. Pennington (1990) proposed that S. lanuginosum, S. lycioides, S. reclinatum, and S. tenax are closely related and that this complex of species is morphologically distinct from neotropical species of Sideroxylon.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Source FNA vol. 8, p. 238. FNA vol. 8, p. 240.
Parent taxa Sapotaceae > Sideroxylon Sapotaceae > Sideroxylon
Sibling taxa
S. alachuense, S. foetidissimum, S. lanuginosum, S. lycioides, S. macrocarpum, S. reclinatum, S. rufohirtum, S. salicifolium, S. tenax, S. thornei
S. alachuense, S. celastrinum, S. foetidissimum, S. lanuginosum, S. macrocarpum, S. reclinatum, S. rufohirtum, S. salicifolium, S. tenax, S. thornei
Synonyms Bumelia celastrina, Bumelia angustifolia, Bumelia celastrina var. angustifolia Bumelia lycioides, Bumelia lycioides var. ellipsoidalis, Bumelia lycioides var. virginiana, Bumelia smallii
Name authority (Kunth) T. D. Pennington: in Organization for Flora Neotropica, Fl. Neotrop. 52: 123. (1990) Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. ed. 2, 1: 279. 1762 ,
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