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false or Indian or prickly mallow, prickly fanpetals, prickly sida

Brazilian wire-weed, flatstem sida

Habit Subshrubs or herbs, annual or perennial, 0.2–1 m, rarely taller. Herbs or subshrubs, perennial, branches distichous, planar, 0.3–1 m.
Stems

erect, minutely stellate-hairy, hairs to 0.5 mm.

erect, with simple 1–2 mm hairs, sometimes also minutely stellate-hairy.

Leaves

stipules free from petiole, 1-veined, subulate, 3–6 mm, 1/2 as long as petiole;

petiole 5–15 mm, usually 1/4–1/2 length of blade, sometimes shorter, minutely stellate-hairy, hairs to 0.5 mm, usually with small spinelike tubercle on stem just below its attachment;

blade ovate, lanceolate, or narrowly oblong, 2–6 cm, smaller apically, 2–5 times longer than wide, base subcordate, margins crenate-serrate to base, apex usually acute, surfaces stellate-tomentulose abaxially, glabrate adaxially.

distichous;

stipules free from petiole, subfalcate, 4–10 × 0.5–1 mm or less, often exceeding petiole, margins ciliate;

petiole 5–6 mm, 1/15–1/5 blade length, hirsute;

blade elliptic-lanceolate, 2.5–9 × 1–4 cm, 2 times longer than wide, base rounded, margins short-serrate at least distally, entire basally, apex acute, surfaces glabrous or with minute scattered stellate hairs and simple appressed antrorse hairs.

Inflorescences

axillary solitary or 2–4 clustered flowers.

axillary congested glomerules, sometimes solitary or paired flowers.

Pedicels

0.5–1 cm, subequal to calyx and subtending petiole.

0.3–0.5 cm, subequal to or shorter than subtending petiole, shorter than to subequal to calyx.

Flowers

calyx angulate, 5–7 mm, minutely tomentose, lobes triangular;

petals yellow, rarely white, 5 mm;

staminal column glabrous;

style 5-branched.

calyx ribbed, 5–6 mm, often ciliate, with scattered minute stellate hairs, lobes triangular;

petals yellow, 8–10 mm;

staminal column glabrous;

style 7- or 8-branched.

Schizocarps

subconic, 4–5 mm diam., hairy;

mericarps 5, 3–4 mm, somewhat rugose, apex spined, spines 1 mm, antrorsely hairy.

subconic, 6–7 mm diam., glabrous or axially minutely puberulent;

mericarps 7 or 8, 3 mm, smooth dorsally, laterally somewhat reticulate, apex spined, spines 2 mm, apically minutely puberulent.

2n

= 14, 28.

= 28.

Sida spinosa

Sida planicaulis

Phenology Flowering year-round in warmer areas, summer elsewhere. Flowering year-round.
Habitat Roadsides, pastures, disturbed ground Disturbed sites
Elevation 0–1500 m (0–4900 ft) 10–100 m (0–300 ft)
Distribution
from FNA
AL; AR; AZ; DC; FL; GA; IA; IL; IN; KS; KY; LA; MA; MD; MI; MO; MS; NC; NE; NJ; OH; OK; PA; SC; TN; TX; VA; WV; ON; Mexico; Central America; South America; West Indies
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[BONAP county map]
from FNA
FL; South America (Brazil); Pacific Islands (Hawaii, Tubuai Islands) [Introduced in North America; introduced also in Indian Ocean Islands (Mauritius)]
Discussion

A small spur sometimes is present on the abaxial side of the petiole at the juncture with the stem, to which the specific epithet refers. It is not a spine and occasionally is absent.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Sida planicaulis is weedy and thought to have originated in Brazil, where it is quite common.

Sida planicaulis was first reported from south-central Florida (Glades, Highlands, Okeechobee, Osceola, and Polk counties) by K. R. DeLaney (2010) as new to North America; it has been reported (as S. acuta) also from New Jersey and Pennsylvania on ballast as a waif.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Source FNA vol. 6, p. 318. FNA vol. 6, p. 316.
Parent taxa Malvaceae > subfam. Malvoideae > Sida Malvaceae > subfam. Malvoideae > Sida
Sibling taxa
S. abutilifolia, S. antillensis, S. ciliaris, S. cordifolia, S. elliottii, S. glabra, S. hermaphrodita, S. lindheimeri, S. littoralis, S. longipes, S. neomexicana, S. planicaulis, S. rhombifolia, S. rubromarginata, S. santaremensis, S. tragiifolia, S. ulmifolia, S. urens
S. abutilifolia, S. antillensis, S. ciliaris, S. cordifolia, S. elliottii, S. glabra, S. hermaphrodita, S. lindheimeri, S. littoralis, S. longipes, S. neomexicana, S. rhombifolia, S. rubromarginata, S. santaremensis, S. spinosa, S. tragiifolia, S. ulmifolia, S. urens
Synonyms S. alba, S. alnifolia, S. angustifolia, S. heterocarpa Malvastrum carpinifolium, Malvinda carpinifolia, S. acuta subsp. carpinifolia, S. acuta var. carpinifolia, S. betulina, S. bracteolata, S. carpinifolia var. antillana, S. carpinifolia var. betulina
Name authority Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 2: 683. (1753) Cavanilles: Diss. 1: 24, plate 3, fig. 11. (1785)
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