Sida spinosa |
Sida planicaulis |
|
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false or Indian or prickly mallow, prickly fanpetals, prickly sida |
Brazilian wire-weed, flatstem sida |
|
Habit | Subshrubs or herbs, annual or perennial, 0.2–1 m, rarely taller. | Herbs or subshrubs, perennial, branches distichous, planar, 0.3–1 m. |
Stems | erect, minutely stellate-hairy, hairs to 0.5 mm. |
erect, with simple 1–2 mm hairs, sometimes also minutely stellate-hairy. |
Leaves | stipules free from petiole, 1-veined, subulate, 3–6 mm, 1/2 as long as petiole; petiole 5–15 mm, usually 1/4–1/2 length of blade, sometimes shorter, minutely stellate-hairy, hairs to 0.5 mm, usually with small spinelike tubercle on stem just below its attachment; blade ovate, lanceolate, or narrowly oblong, 2–6 cm, smaller apically, 2–5 times longer than wide, base subcordate, margins crenate-serrate to base, apex usually acute, surfaces stellate-tomentulose abaxially, glabrate adaxially. |
distichous; stipules free from petiole, subfalcate, 4–10 × 0.5–1 mm or less, often exceeding petiole, margins ciliate; petiole 5–6 mm, 1/15–1/5 blade length, hirsute; blade elliptic-lanceolate, 2.5–9 × 1–4 cm, 2 times longer than wide, base rounded, margins short-serrate at least distally, entire basally, apex acute, surfaces glabrous or with minute scattered stellate hairs and simple appressed antrorse hairs. |
Inflorescences | axillary solitary or 2–4 clustered flowers. |
axillary congested glomerules, sometimes solitary or paired flowers. |
Pedicels | 0.5–1 cm, subequal to calyx and subtending petiole. |
0.3–0.5 cm, subequal to or shorter than subtending petiole, shorter than to subequal to calyx. |
Flowers | calyx angulate, 5–7 mm, minutely tomentose, lobes triangular; petals yellow, rarely white, 5 mm; staminal column glabrous; style 5-branched. |
calyx ribbed, 5–6 mm, often ciliate, with scattered minute stellate hairs, lobes triangular; petals yellow, 8–10 mm; staminal column glabrous; style 7- or 8-branched. |
Schizocarps | subconic, 4–5 mm diam., hairy; mericarps 5, 3–4 mm, somewhat rugose, apex spined, spines 1 mm, antrorsely hairy. |
subconic, 6–7 mm diam., glabrous or axially minutely puberulent; mericarps 7 or 8, 3 mm, smooth dorsally, laterally somewhat reticulate, apex spined, spines 2 mm, apically minutely puberulent. |
2n | = 14, 28. |
= 28. |
Sida spinosa |
Sida planicaulis |
|
Phenology | Flowering year-round in warmer areas, summer elsewhere. | Flowering year-round. |
Habitat | Roadsides, pastures, disturbed ground | Disturbed sites |
Elevation | 0–1500 m [0–4900 ft] | 10–100 m [30–300 ft] |
Distribution |
AL; AR; AZ; DC; FL; GA; IA; IL; IN; KS; KY; LA; MA; MD; MI; MO; MS; NC; NE; NJ; OH; OK; PA; SC; TN; TX; VA; WV; ON; Mexico; Central America; South America; West Indies
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FL; South America (Brazil); Pacific Islands (Hawaii, Tubuai Islands) [Introduced in North America; introduced also in Indian Ocean Islands (Mauritius)] |
Discussion | A small spur sometimes is present on the abaxial side of the petiole at the juncture with the stem, to which the specific epithet refers. It is not a spine and occasionally is absent. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Sida planicaulis is weedy and thought to have originated in Brazil, where it is quite common. Sida planicaulis was first reported from south-central Florida (Glades, Highlands, Okeechobee, Osceola, and Polk counties) by K. R. DeLaney (2010) as new to North America; it has been reported (as S. acuta) also from New Jersey and Pennsylvania on ballast as a waif. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 6, p. 318. | FNA vol. 6, p. 316. |
Parent taxa | ||
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | S. alba, S. alnifolia, S. angustifolia, S. heterocarpa | Malvastrum carpinifolium, Malvinda carpinifolia, S. acuta subsp. carpinifolia, S. acuta var. carpinifolia, S. betulina, S. bracteolata, S. carpinifolia var. antillana, S. carpinifolia var. betulina |
Name authority | Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 2: 683. (1753) | Cavanilles: Diss. 1: 24, plate 3, fig. 11. (1785) |
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