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false or Indian or prickly mallow, prickly fanpetals, prickly sida

Elliott's fanpetals, Elliott's sida

Habit Subshrubs or herbs, annual or perennial, 0.2–1 m, rarely taller. Herbs or subshrubs, perennial, 0.5–1 m, usually little-branched from base.
Stems

erect, minutely stellate-hairy, hairs to 0.5 mm.

erect, puberulent to glabrate.

Leaves

stipules free from petiole, 1-veined, subulate, 3–6 mm, 1/2 as long as petiole;

petiole 5–15 mm, usually 1/4–1/2 length of blade, sometimes shorter, minutely stellate-hairy, hairs to 0.5 mm, usually with small spinelike tubercle on stem just below its attachment;

blade ovate, lanceolate, or narrowly oblong, 2–6 cm, smaller apically, 2–5 times longer than wide, base subcordate, margins crenate-serrate to base, apex usually acute, surfaces stellate-tomentulose abaxially, glabrate adaxially.

stipules free from petiole, 1-veined, subulate, 5–8 mm, subequal to petiole;

petiole 2–9 mm, much shorter than blade, minutely puberulent to glabrate;

blade narrowly linear to narrowly elliptic, 2–8 cm, 4–20 times longer than wide, base truncate, margins dentate to base, apex acute, surfaces minutely hairy abaxially, glabrous adaxially.

Inflorescences

axillary solitary or 2–4 clustered flowers.

axillary solitary flowers, scattered along stem, little, if at all, apically congested.

Pedicels

0.5–1 cm, subequal to calyx and subtending petiole.

slender, 0.5–4 cm, longer than calyx.

Flowers

calyx angulate, 5–7 mm, minutely tomentose, lobes triangular;

petals yellow, rarely white, 5 mm;

staminal column glabrous;

style 5-branched.

calyx ribbed, 6–9 mm, basally hairy, lobes ovate;

petals yellow-orange, 12–15 mm;

staminal column sparsely and minutely hairy;

style 8–11-branched.

Schizocarps

subconic, 4–5 mm diam., hairy;

mericarps 5, 3–4 mm, somewhat rugose, apex spined, spines 1 mm, antrorsely hairy.

oblate, 6–8 mm diam., sparsely hairy apically, otherwise glabrous;

mericarps 8–11, 3 mm, laterally reticulate, apex blunt to spinose, spines 0.2–1 mm.

2n

= 14, 28.

Sida spinosa

Sida elliottii

Phenology Flowering year-round in warmer areas, summer elsewhere.
Habitat Roadsides, pastures, disturbed ground
Elevation 0–1500 m (0–4900 ft)
Distribution
from FNA
AL; AR; AZ; DC; FL; GA; IA; IL; IN; KS; KY; LA; MA; MD; MI; MO; MS; NC; NE; NJ; OH; OK; PA; SC; TN; TX; VA; WV; ON; Mexico; Central America; South America; West Indies
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from FNA
AL; AR; FL; GA; LA; MO; MS; NC; SC; TN; TX; VA; e Mexico; s Mexico; Central America (Guatemala)
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

A small spur sometimes is present on the abaxial side of the petiole at the juncture with the stem, to which the specific epithet refers. It is not a spine and occasionally is absent.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Varieties 2 (2 in the flora).

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Key
1. Plants 0.5–1 m; mericarp spines to 1 mm.
var. elliottii
1. Plants to 0.5 m; mericarp spines 0.2–0.7 mm.
var. parviflora
Source FNA vol. 6, p. 318. FNA vol. 6, p. 314.
Parent taxa Malvaceae > subfam. Malvoideae > Sida Malvaceae > subfam. Malvoideae > Sida
Sibling taxa
S. abutilifolia, S. antillensis, S. ciliaris, S. cordifolia, S. elliottii, S. glabra, S. hermaphrodita, S. lindheimeri, S. littoralis, S. longipes, S. neomexicana, S. planicaulis, S. rhombifolia, S. rubromarginata, S. santaremensis, S. tragiifolia, S. ulmifolia, S. urens
S. abutilifolia, S. antillensis, S. ciliaris, S. cordifolia, S. glabra, S. hermaphrodita, S. lindheimeri, S. littoralis, S. longipes, S. neomexicana, S. planicaulis, S. rhombifolia, S. rubromarginata, S. santaremensis, S. spinosa, S. tragiifolia, S. ulmifolia, S. urens
Subordinate taxa
S. elliottii var. elliottii, S. elliottii var. parviflora
Synonyms S. alba, S. alnifolia, S. angustifolia, S. heterocarpa S. gracilis
Name authority Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 2: 683. (1753) Torrey & A. Gray: Fl. N. Amer. 1: 231. (1838)
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