Sida spinosa |
Sida |
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false or Indian or prickly mallow, prickly fanpetals, prickly sida |
fanpetals, wireweed |
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Habit | Subshrubs or herbs, annual or perennial, 0.2–1 m, rarely taller. | Herbs, annual or perennial, subshrubs, or shrubs. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Stems | erect, minutely stellate-hairy, hairs to 0.5 mm. |
erect, ascending, or reclining to procumbent, glabrous or hairy, sometimes viscid (S. glabra). |
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Leaves | stipules free from petiole, 1-veined, subulate, 3–6 mm, 1/2 as long as petiole; petiole 5–15 mm, usually 1/4–1/2 length of blade, sometimes shorter, minutely stellate-hairy, hairs to 0.5 mm, usually with small spinelike tubercle on stem just below its attachment; blade ovate, lanceolate, or narrowly oblong, 2–6 cm, smaller apically, 2–5 times longer than wide, base subcordate, margins crenate-serrate to base, apex usually acute, surfaces stellate-tomentulose abaxially, glabrate adaxially. |
spirally arranged (distichous in S. planicaulis and S. ulmifolia), petiolate or subsessile; stipules persistent, usually linear to lanceolate or falcate; blade usually unlobed (lobed with maplelike leaves in S. hermaphrodita), base cuneate, cordate, subcordate, truncate, or rounded, margins crenate, dentate, serrate, or entire. |
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Inflorescences | axillary solitary or 2–4 clustered flowers. |
axillary solitary (sometimes paired or clustered) often plicate in bud, usually 1/2 divided, often 10-ribbed at base (unribbed in S. hermaphrodita) or angulate, lobes acute or acuminate to triangular or ovate; corolla white, cream, yellow, yellow-orange, salmon-pink, red-orange, or reddish [purplish], sometimes with dark-red center; staminal column included; style 5–14-branched; stigmas capitate. |
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Pedicels | 0.5–1 cm, subequal to calyx and subtending petiole. |
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Flowers | calyx angulate, 5–7 mm, minutely tomentose, lobes triangular; petals yellow, rarely white, 5 mm; staminal column glabrous; style 5-branched. |
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Fruits | developed or muticous, reticulate, glabrous or hairy, lateral walls usually persistent, indehiscent below with well-differentiated dorsal wall, indehiscent or partially dehiscent apically. |
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Seeds | 1 per mericarp, glabrous. |
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Schizocarps | subconic, 4–5 mm diam., hairy; mericarps 5, 3–4 mm, somewhat rugose, apex spined, spines 1 mm, antrorsely hairy. |
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x | = 7, 8. |
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2n | = 14, 28. |
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Sida spinosa |
Sida |
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Phenology | Flowering year-round in warmer areas, summer elsewhere. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Habitat | Roadsides, pastures, disturbed ground | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Elevation | 0–1500 m (0–4900 ft) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Distribution |
AL; AR; AZ; DC; FL; GA; IA; IL; IN; KS; KY; LA; MA; MD; MI; MO; MS; NC; NE; NJ; OH; OK; PA; SC; TN; TX; VA; WV; ON; Mexico; Central America; South America; West Indies
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North America; Mexico; Central America; South America; West Indies; Asia; Africa; Australia; warm-temperate and tropical areas |
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Discussion | A small spur sometimes is present on the abaxial side of the petiole at the juncture with the stem, to which the specific epithet refers. It is not a spine and occasionally is absent. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Species ca. 150 (19 in the flora). In the flora area, Sida linifolia Cavanilles, flax-leaved sida, is known from a single collection (Alabama, Mobile, introduced from West Indies on ballast, Sep 1886, Mohr s.n., F) and treated here as a waif; it is distinguished from other sidas in North America by its entire leaf margins. Sida cordata (Burman f.) Borssum Waalkes has been reported in Maryland (Baltimore City); it is a generally prostrate herb with cordate leaves and filiform pedicels that are nearly the same length as the leaves; no vouchers have been found; if it was present, it can be regarded as a waif. Reports of S. aggregata K. Presl, a variable and rather common Neotropical species, have not been verified; no vouchers have been located. Sida acuta Burman f. and S. carpinifolia Linnaeus f. are names often used for ballast specimens of plants found in temperate seaports that have not persisted. Most sidas have apical spines on the fruits that adhere to fur, wool, and clothing, and therefore it may be difficult to pinpoint their native ranges versus the areas to which they have been introduced. Some are considered to be pan-tropical roadside weeds. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
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Key |
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Source | FNA vol. 6, p. 318. | FNA vol. 6, p. 310. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Parent taxa | Malvaceae > subfam. Malvoideae > Sida | Malvaceae > subfam. Malvoideae | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Synonyms | S. alba, S. alnifolia, S. angustifolia, S. heterocarpa | Dictyocarpus, Malvinda, Pseudomalachra | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Name authority | Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 2: 683. (1753) | Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 2: 683. (1753): Gen. Pl. ed. 5, 306. (1754) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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