Sida cordifolia |
Sida ulmifolia |
|
---|---|---|
bala, country mallow, flannel weed, great-leaf sida, heart-leaf sida, ilima |
broomweed, common wire-weed, escobilla, southern sida |
|
Habit | Subshrubs or shrubs, to 1.5 m. | Herbs or subshrubs, perennial, branches distichous, 1 m. |
Stems | erect, stellate-tomentose. |
erect, minutely stellate-hairy. |
Leaves | stipules free from petiole, 1-veined, linear, 5–8 mm, shorter than petiole; petiole 10–25 mm, to 1/2 length of blade, stellate-tomentose; blade broadly cordate to ovate-lanceolate, to 6 cm, reduced distally, 1–2 times longer than wide, base cordate, margins dentate to base, apex acute, surfaces softly velvety-tomentose. |
distichous; stipules free from petiole, 1–3(–5)-veined, broadly falcate, 6–12 mm, often exceeding petiole; petiole (1–)4–5(–8) mm, ca. 1/10 blade length, obscurely stellate-hairy; blade lanceolate to ovate, 3–9 cm, 2–4 times longer than wide, base cuneate to rounded, margins serrate at least distally, apex acute, surfaces hirsute to glabrate. |
Inflorescences | axillary, usually subsessile, crowded panicles or corymbs, sometimes solitary flowers. |
axillary solitary or paired flowers, sometimes more and subumbellate. |
Pedicels | 0.2–0.4 cm, enlarging slightly in fruit, shorter than calyx. |
jointed near base, 0.2–0.5(–0.8) cm, subequal to calyx and subtending petiole. |
Flowers | calyx prominently ribbed, 6–7 mm, densely stellate-tomentose, lobes ovate; petals yellow-orange, often with darker reddish base, 8–11 mm; staminal column hairy; style 8–14-branched. |
calyx ribbed, 6–8 mm, often ciliate, lobes triangular; petals yellow, 7–10(–12) mm; staminal column glabrous or hairy; style 7–12-branched. |
Schizocarps | oblate-conic, 6–7 mm diam., apically hairy; mericarps 8–14, 4–5 mm, dorsally smooth, apex spined, spines to 2 mm, retrorsely barbed (variably developed, rarely suppressed). |
subconic, 5–7 mm, glabrous; mericarps 7–12, 3–4 mm, laterally reticulate, apex spined, spines to 0.5 mm. |
2n | = 28. |
= 28. |
Sida cordifolia |
Sida ulmifolia |
|
Phenology | Flowering year-round. | Flowering year-round. |
Habitat | Disturbed sites, savannas, open shrublands, pinelands | Disturbed sites, principally coastal |
Elevation | 0–300 m (0–1000 ft) | 0–50 m (0–200 ft) |
Distribution |
AL; FL; TX; Asia [Introduced in North America; introduced also in Mexico, West Indies, Central America, South America, Africa, Australia]
|
FL; Mexico; Central America; West Indies; South America (Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Guyana, Venezuela); s Asia; Africa; Pacific Islands; Australia |
Discussion | A velvety-tomentose herb sometimes used in herbal medicines, Sida cordifolia is believed to have originated in India, but has been widely spread in warmer regions globally. In many areas it is considered to be an invasive weed. There is considerable variation in the flower color patterns; the velvety-tomentose indument and retrorsely barbed, relatively large or conspicuous spines can help in identification. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Sida ulmifolia is pantropical and weedy but thought to have originated in Central America. In previous floras it and S. planicaulis have been treated as S. acuta Burman f., but that is a different species from those from Brazil, Guatemala, Mozambique, Sri Lanka, southeastern Asia, several Pacific islands, and Australia. Under different names, S. ulmifolia has been reported also from New Jersey and ballast. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 6, p. 313. | FNA vol. 6, p. 319. |
Parent taxa | Malvaceae > subfam. Malvoideae > Sida | Malvaceae > subfam. Malvoideae > Sida |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | S. althaeifolia, S. pellita | S. acuta var. intermedia, S. balbisiana, S. brachypetala, S. carpinifolia, S. carpinifolia var. balbisiana, S. carpinifolia var. brevicuspidata |
Name authority | Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 2: 684. (1753) | Miller: Gard. Dict. ed. 8, Sida no. 1. (1768) |
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