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bala, country mallow, flannel weed, great-leaf sida, heart-leaf sida, ilima

broomweed, common wire-weed, escobilla, southern sida

Habit Subshrubs or shrubs, to 1.5 m. Herbs or subshrubs, perennial, branches distichous, 1 m.
Stems

erect, stellate-tomentose.

erect, minutely stellate-hairy.

Leaves

stipules free from petiole, 1-veined, linear, 5–8 mm, shorter than petiole;

petiole 10–25 mm, to 1/2 length of blade, stellate-tomentose;

blade broadly cordate to ovate-lanceolate, to 6 cm, reduced distally, 1–2 times longer than wide, base cordate, margins dentate to base, apex acute, surfaces softly velvety-tomentose.

distichous;

stipules free from petiole, 1–3(–5)-veined, broadly falcate, 6–12 mm, often exceeding petiole;

petiole (1–)4–5(–8) mm, ca. 1/10 blade length, obscurely stellate-hairy;

blade lanceolate to ovate, 3–9 cm, 2–4 times longer than wide, base cuneate to rounded, margins serrate at least distally, apex acute, surfaces hirsute to glabrate.

Inflorescences

axillary, usually subsessile, crowded panicles or corymbs, sometimes solitary flowers.

axillary solitary or paired flowers, sometimes more and subumbellate.

Pedicels

0.2–0.4 cm, enlarging slightly in fruit, shorter than calyx.

jointed near base, 0.2–0.5(–0.8) cm, subequal to calyx and subtending petiole.

Flowers

calyx prominently ribbed, 6–7 mm, densely stellate-tomentose, lobes ovate;

petals yellow-orange, often with darker reddish base, 8–11 mm;

staminal column hairy;

style 8–14-branched.

calyx ribbed, 6–8 mm, often ciliate, lobes triangular;

petals yellow, 7–10(–12) mm;

staminal column glabrous or hairy;

style 7–12-branched.

Schizocarps

oblate-conic, 6–7 mm diam., apically hairy;

mericarps 8–14, 4–5 mm, dorsally smooth, apex spined, spines to 2 mm, retrorsely barbed (variably developed, rarely suppressed).

subconic, 5–7 mm, glabrous;

mericarps 7–12, 3–4 mm, laterally reticulate, apex spined, spines to 0.5 mm.

2n

= 28.

= 28.

Sida cordifolia

Sida ulmifolia

Phenology Flowering year-round. Flowering year-round.
Habitat Disturbed sites, savannas, open shrublands, pinelands Disturbed sites, principally coastal
Elevation 0–300 m (0–1000 ft) 0–50 m (0–200 ft)
Distribution
from FNA
AL; FL; TX; Asia [Introduced in North America; introduced also in Mexico, West Indies, Central America, South America, Africa, Australia]
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
FL; Mexico; Central America; West Indies; South America (Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Guyana, Venezuela); s Asia; Africa; Pacific Islands; Australia
Discussion

A velvety-tomentose herb sometimes used in herbal medicines, Sida cordifolia is believed to have originated in India, but has been widely spread in warmer regions globally. In many areas it is considered to be an invasive weed. There is considerable variation in the flower color patterns; the velvety-tomentose indument and retrorsely barbed, relatively large or conspicuous spines can help in identification.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Sida ulmifolia is pantropical and weedy but thought to have originated in Central America. In previous floras it and S. planicaulis have been treated as S. acuta Burman f., but that is a different species from those from Brazil, Guatemala, Mozambique, Sri Lanka, southeastern Asia, several Pacific islands, and Australia. Under different names, S. ulmifolia has been reported also from New Jersey and ballast.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Source FNA vol. 6, p. 313. FNA vol. 6, p. 319.
Parent taxa Malvaceae > subfam. Malvoideae > Sida Malvaceae > subfam. Malvoideae > Sida
Sibling taxa
S. abutilifolia, S. antillensis, S. ciliaris, S. elliottii, S. glabra, S. hermaphrodita, S. lindheimeri, S. littoralis, S. longipes, S. neomexicana, S. planicaulis, S. rhombifolia, S. rubromarginata, S. santaremensis, S. spinosa, S. tragiifolia, S. ulmifolia, S. urens
S. abutilifolia, S. antillensis, S. ciliaris, S. cordifolia, S. elliottii, S. glabra, S. hermaphrodita, S. lindheimeri, S. littoralis, S. longipes, S. neomexicana, S. planicaulis, S. rhombifolia, S. rubromarginata, S. santaremensis, S. spinosa, S. tragiifolia, S. urens
Synonyms S. althaeifolia, S. pellita S. acuta var. intermedia, S. balbisiana, S. brachypetala, S. carpinifolia, S. carpinifolia var. balbisiana, S. carpinifolia var. brevicuspidata
Name authority Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 2: 684. (1753) Miller: Gard. Dict. ed. 8, Sida no. 1. (1768)
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