Sida cordifolia |
Sida planicaulis |
|
---|---|---|
bala, country mallow, flannel weed, great-leaf sida, heart-leaf sida, ilima |
Brazilian wire-weed, flatstem sida |
|
Habit | Subshrubs or shrubs, to 1.5 m. | Herbs or subshrubs, perennial, branches distichous, planar, 0.3–1 m. |
Stems | erect, stellate-tomentose. |
erect, with simple 1–2 mm hairs, sometimes also minutely stellate-hairy. |
Leaves | stipules free from petiole, 1-veined, linear, 5–8 mm, shorter than petiole; petiole 10–25 mm, to 1/2 length of blade, stellate-tomentose; blade broadly cordate to ovate-lanceolate, to 6 cm, reduced distally, 1–2 times longer than wide, base cordate, margins dentate to base, apex acute, surfaces softly velvety-tomentose. |
distichous; stipules free from petiole, subfalcate, 4–10 × 0.5–1 mm or less, often exceeding petiole, margins ciliate; petiole 5–6 mm, 1/15–1/5 blade length, hirsute; blade elliptic-lanceolate, 2.5–9 × 1–4 cm, 2 times longer than wide, base rounded, margins short-serrate at least distally, entire basally, apex acute, surfaces glabrous or with minute scattered stellate hairs and simple appressed antrorse hairs. |
Inflorescences | axillary, usually subsessile, crowded panicles or corymbs, sometimes solitary flowers. |
axillary congested glomerules, sometimes solitary or paired flowers. |
Pedicels | 0.2–0.4 cm, enlarging slightly in fruit, shorter than calyx. |
0.3–0.5 cm, subequal to or shorter than subtending petiole, shorter than to subequal to calyx. |
Flowers | calyx prominently ribbed, 6–7 mm, densely stellate-tomentose, lobes ovate; petals yellow-orange, often with darker reddish base, 8–11 mm; staminal column hairy; style 8–14-branched. |
calyx ribbed, 5–6 mm, often ciliate, with scattered minute stellate hairs, lobes triangular; petals yellow, 8–10 mm; staminal column glabrous; style 7- or 8-branched. |
Schizocarps | oblate-conic, 6–7 mm diam., apically hairy; mericarps 8–14, 4–5 mm, dorsally smooth, apex spined, spines to 2 mm, retrorsely barbed (variably developed, rarely suppressed). |
subconic, 6–7 mm diam., glabrous or axially minutely puberulent; mericarps 7 or 8, 3 mm, smooth dorsally, laterally somewhat reticulate, apex spined, spines 2 mm, apically minutely puberulent. |
2n | = 28. |
= 28. |
Sida cordifolia |
Sida planicaulis |
|
Phenology | Flowering year-round. | Flowering year-round. |
Habitat | Disturbed sites, savannas, open shrublands, pinelands | Disturbed sites |
Elevation | 0–300 m (0–1000 ft) | 10–100 m (0–300 ft) |
Distribution |
AL; FL; TX; Asia [Introduced in North America; introduced also in Mexico, West Indies, Central America, South America, Africa, Australia]
|
FL; South America (Brazil); Pacific Islands (Hawaii, Tubuai Islands) [Introduced in North America; introduced also in Indian Ocean Islands (Mauritius)] |
Discussion | A velvety-tomentose herb sometimes used in herbal medicines, Sida cordifolia is believed to have originated in India, but has been widely spread in warmer regions globally. In many areas it is considered to be an invasive weed. There is considerable variation in the flower color patterns; the velvety-tomentose indument and retrorsely barbed, relatively large or conspicuous spines can help in identification. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Sida planicaulis is weedy and thought to have originated in Brazil, where it is quite common. Sida planicaulis was first reported from south-central Florida (Glades, Highlands, Okeechobee, Osceola, and Polk counties) by K. R. DeLaney (2010) as new to North America; it has been reported (as S. acuta) also from New Jersey and Pennsylvania on ballast as a waif. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 6, p. 313. | FNA vol. 6, p. 316. |
Parent taxa | Malvaceae > subfam. Malvoideae > Sida | Malvaceae > subfam. Malvoideae > Sida |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | S. althaeifolia, S. pellita | Malvastrum carpinifolium, Malvinda carpinifolia, S. acuta subsp. carpinifolia, S. acuta var. carpinifolia, S. betulina, S. bracteolata, S. carpinifolia var. antillana, S. carpinifolia var. betulina |
Name authority | Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 2: 684. (1753) | Cavanilles: Diss. 1: 24, plate 3, fig. 11. (1785) |
Web links |