The green links below add additional plants to the comparison table. Blue links lead to other Web sites.
enable glossary links

West Indian bristlegrass, West Indies bristlegrass

green bristle grass, green foxtail, setaire verte

Habit Plants perennial. Plants annual.
Culms

50-100 cm;

nodes usually glabrous.

20-250 cm;

nodes glabrous.

Sheaths

glabrous or finely pubescent, margins ciliate distally;

ligules of 1 mm hairs;

blades 15-20 cm long, 6-12 mm wide, flat or folded, often finely pubescent on both surfaces.

glabrous, sometimes scabridu-lous, margins ciliate distally;

ligules 1-2 mm, ciliate;

blades to 20 cm long, 4-25 mm wide, flat, scabrous or smooth, glabrous.

Panicles

15-20 cm, loosely spikelike, interrupted, attenuate;

rachises often villous;

branches ascending, lower branches about 2.5 cm;

bristles usually solitary, less than 10 mm, antrorsely scabrous.

3-20 cm, densely spicate, nodding only from near the apices;

rachises hispid and villous;

bristles 1-3, 5-10 mm, antrorsely scabrous, usually green, rarely purple.

Spikelets

2-2.5 mm, ovate-lanceolate.

1.8-2.2 mm.

Lower glumes

about 1/2 as long as the spikelets, 3-veined;

upper glumes about 2/3 as long as the spikelets, 5-7-veined;

lower lemmas equaling the upper lemmas;

lower paleas as long as the upper paleas, broad;

upper lemmas finely and distinctly transversely rugose.

about as long as the spikelets, triangular-ovate, 3-veined;

upper glumes nearly equaling the upper lemmas, elliptical, 5-6-veined;

lower lemmas slightly exceeding the upper lemmas, 5-veined;

lower paleas about as long as the lower lemmas, hyaline;

upper lemmas very finely and transversely rugose, pale green, 5-6-veined;

upper paleas similar to the upper lemmas.

2n

= unknown.

= 18.

Setaria setosa

Setaria viridis

Distribution
from FNA
AL; FL; NJ; PR; Virgin Islands
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
AK; AL; AR; AZ; CA; CO; CT; DC; DE; FL; GA; IA; ID; IL; IN; KS; KY; LA; MA; MD; ME; MI; MN; MO; MS; MT; NC; ND; NE; NH; NJ; NM; NV; NY; OH; OK; OR; PA; RI; SC; SD; TN; TX; UT; VA; VT; WA; WI; WV; WY; AB; BC; LB; MB; NB; NS; NT; ON; PE; QC; SK; YT
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Setaria setosa is native to the West Indies and Mexico. It is probably a recent introduction to Florida, but appears to be established there. The specimen from New Jersey was from a ballast dump; the species is not established in that state.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Setaria viridis resembles S. italica but differs in its shorter spikelets and rugose upper florets, and mode of disarticulation. It is also a more aggressive weed. It is native to Eurasia but is now widespread in warm temperate regions of the world.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Key
1. Culms 100-250 cm tall; blades 10-25 mm wide; panicles 10-20 cm long
var. major
1. Culms 20-100 cm tall; blades 4-12 mm wide; panicles 3-8 cm long
var. viridis
Source FNA vol. 25, p. 550. FNA vol. 25, p. 554.
Parent taxa Poaceae > subfam. Panicoideae > tribe Paniceae > Setaria > subg. Setaria Poaceae > subfam. Panicoideae > tribe Paniceae > Setaria > subg. Setaria
Sibling taxa
S. adhaerans, S. arizonica, S. barbata, S. chapmanii, S. corrugata, S. faberi, S. grisebachii, S. italica, S. leucopila, S. liebmannii, S. macrosperma, S. macrostachya, S. magna, S. megaphylla, S. palmifolia, S. parviflora, S. pumila, S. rariflora, S. reverchonii, S. scheelei, S. sphacelata, S. texana, S. verticillata, S. verticilliformis, S. villosissima, S. viridis
S. adhaerans, S. arizonica, S. barbata, S. chapmanii, S. corrugata, S. faberi, S. grisebachii, S. italica, S. leucopila, S. liebmannii, S. macrosperma, S. macrostachya, S. magna, S. megaphylla, S. palmifolia, S. parviflora, S. pumila, S. rariflora, S. reverchonii, S. scheelei, S. setosa, S. sphacelata, S. texana, S. verticillata, S. verticilliformis, S. villosissima
Subordinate taxa
S. viridis var. major, S. viridis var. viridis
Name authority (Sw.) P. Beauv. (L.) P. Beauv.
Web links