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West Indian bristlegrass, West Indies bristlegrass

palmgrass

Habit Plants perennial. Plants perennial.
Culms

50-100 cm;

nodes usually glabrous.

1-2 m. Sheaths strigose, margins with stiff hairs;

collars hispid;

ligules about 2 mm, of hairs;

blades to 50 cm long, 20-80 mm wide, plicate, tapering at both ends, abaxial surfaces sparsely strigose, adaxial surfaces short pubescent near the base.

Sheaths

glabrous or finely pubescent, margins ciliate distally;

ligules of 1 mm hairs;

blades 15-20 cm long, 6-12 mm wide, flat or folded, often finely pubescent on both surfaces.

Panicles

15-20 cm, loosely spikelike, interrupted, attenuate;

rachises often villous;

branches ascending, lower branches about 2.5 cm;

bristles usually solitary, less than 10 mm, antrorsely scabrous.

to 40 cm, open;

branches 6-10 cm, loosely flexible, axes scabrous;

bristles solitary, usually present only below the terminal spikelet on each branch, occasionally below non-terminal spikelets, about 5 mm.

Spikelets

2-2.5 mm, ovate-lanceolate.

3-4 mm, elliptic, acuminate.

Lower glumes

about 1/2 as long as the spikelets, 3-veined;

upper glumes about 2/3 as long as the spikelets, 5-7-veined;

lower lemmas equaling the upper lemmas;

lower paleas as long as the upper paleas, broad;

upper lemmas finely and distinctly transversely rugose.

1/2 as long as the spikelets, obtuse, 3-4-veined;

upper glumes nearly equaling the upper lemmas, 7-veined, acute;

lower lemmas exceeding the upper lemmas, 5-veined, apices involute;

lower paleas nearly equaling the lower lemmas in length and width;

upper lemmas obscurely transversely rugose, yellow, apiculate.

2n

= unknown.

= 54.

Setaria setosa

Setaria palmifolia

Distribution
from FNA
AL; FL; NJ; PR; Virgin Islands
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
HI
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Setaria setosa is native to the West Indies and Mexico. It is probably a recent introduction to Florida, but appears to be established there. The specimen from New Jersey was from a ballast dump; the species is not established in that state.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Setaria palmifolia is primarily an Asiatic species. It is a common species in Jamaica, and has been reported from scattered locations around the southern coast of the United States. In the Flora region it is occasionally cultivated as an ornamental for the conspicuous, plicate leaves and large panicles. In Southeast Asia the grains are eaten as a substitute for rice and the tender, thickened shoots as a vegetable.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Source FNA vol. 25, p. 550. FNA vol. 25, p. 543.
Parent taxa Poaceae > subfam. Panicoideae > tribe Paniceae > Setaria > subg. Setaria Poaceae > subfam. Panicoideae > tribe Paniceae > Setaria > subg. Ptychophyllum
Sibling taxa
S. adhaerans, S. arizonica, S. barbata, S. chapmanii, S. corrugata, S. faberi, S. grisebachii, S. italica, S. leucopila, S. liebmannii, S. macrosperma, S. macrostachya, S. magna, S. megaphylla, S. palmifolia, S. parviflora, S. pumila, S. rariflora, S. reverchonii, S. scheelei, S. sphacelata, S. texana, S. verticillata, S. verticilliformis, S. villosissima, S. viridis
S. adhaerans, S. arizonica, S. barbata, S. chapmanii, S. corrugata, S. faberi, S. grisebachii, S. italica, S. leucopila, S. liebmannii, S. macrosperma, S. macrostachya, S. magna, S. megaphylla, S. parviflora, S. pumila, S. rariflora, S. reverchonii, S. scheelei, S. setosa, S. sphacelata, S. texana, S. verticillata, S. verticilliformis, S. villosissima, S. viridis
Name authority (Sw.) P. Beauv. (J. Konig) Stapf
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