The green links below add additional plants to the comparison table. Blue links lead to other Web sites.
enable glossary links

pigeon grass, wood groundsel, yellow bristlegrass, yellow foxtail

African bristle grass

Habit Plants annual. Plants perennial; cespitose, rhizomatous, rhizomes stout.
Culms

30-130 cm.

50-150 cm, flattened;

nodes glabrous.

Sheaths

glabrous;

ligules ciliate;

blades 4-10 mm wide, loosely twisted, adaxial surfaces with papillose-based hairs basally.

glabrous;

blades 15-50 cm long, 4-10 mm wide, flat, rather lax.

Panicles

3-15 cm, uniformly thick, erect, densely spicate;

rachises hispid;

bristles 4-12, 3-8 mm, antrorsely scabrous.

5-25 cm long, 4-8 mm thick (excluding the bristles), densely spicate;

bristles 5 or more, 3-6 mm, usually orange to purple.

Spikelets

2-3.4 mm, strongly turgid.

2.5-3 mm, elliptic-oblong.

Lower glumes

about 1/3 as long as the spikelets, 3-veined, acute;

upper glumes about 1/2 as long as the spikelets, 5-veined, ovate;

upper florets often staminate;

lower lemmas equaling the upper lemmas;

lower paleas equaling the lower lemmas, broad;

upper lemmas conspicuously exposed, strongly transversely rugose.

about as long as the spikelets;

upper florets staminate;

upper glumes Vi-A as long as the spikelets;

lower lemmas equaling the upper lemmas;

lower paleas equaling the upper paleas, broad;

upper lemmas finely and transversely rugose;

upper paleas similar to the upper lemmas.

2n

= 36, 72.

= 36, 54.

Setaria pumila

Setaria sphacelata

Distribution
from FNA
AL; AR; AZ; CA; CO; CT; DC; DE; FL; GA; IA; ID; IL; IN; KS; KY; LA; MA; MD; ME; MI; MN; MO; MS; MT; NC; ND; NE; NH; NJ; NM; NV; NY; OH; OK; OR; PA; RI; SC; SD; TN; TX; UT; VA; VT; WA; WI; WV; WY; HI; AB; BC; LB; MB; NB; NS; ON; PE; QC; SK
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
AL; CA; FL; MS
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Setaria sphacelata is native to tropical Africa, but it has been found at a few scattered locations in the Flora region, often near a port. Clayton (1979) recognized five varieties of Setaria sphacelata. Those most likely to be introduced into the United States are Setaria sphacelata (Schumach.) Stapf & C.E. Hubb. var. sphacelata and S. sphacelata var. aurea (Hochst. ex A. Braun) Clayton, with var. aurea differing from var. sphacelata in having fibrous basal leaf sheaths and upper glumes that are often 3-veined.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Key
1. Spikelets 3-3.4 mm long; bristles yellow
subsp. pumila
1. Spikelets 2-2.5 mm long; bristles reddish subsp. pallidefusca
subsp. pallidefusca
Source FNA vol. 25, p. 558. FNA vol. 25, p. 558.
Parent taxa Poaceae > subfam. Panicoideae > tribe Paniceae > Setaria > subg. Setaria Poaceae > subfam. Panicoideae > tribe Paniceae > Setaria > subg. Setaria
Sibling taxa
S. adhaerans, S. arizonica, S. barbata, S. chapmanii, S. corrugata, S. faberi, S. grisebachii, S. italica, S. leucopila, S. liebmannii, S. macrosperma, S. macrostachya, S. magna, S. megaphylla, S. palmifolia, S. parviflora, S. rariflora, S. reverchonii, S. scheelei, S. setosa, S. sphacelata, S. texana, S. verticillata, S. verticilliformis, S. villosissima, S. viridis
S. adhaerans, S. arizonica, S. barbata, S. chapmanii, S. corrugata, S. faberi, S. grisebachii, S. italica, S. leucopila, S. liebmannii, S. macrosperma, S. macrostachya, S. magna, S. megaphylla, S. palmifolia, S. parviflora, S. pumila, S. rariflora, S. reverchonii, S. scheelei, S. setosa, S. texana, S. verticillata, S. verticilliformis, S. villosissima, S. viridis
Subordinate taxa
S. pumila subsp. pallidefusca, S. pumila subsp. pumila
Name authority (Poir.) Roem. & Schult. (Schumach.) Stapf & C.E. Hubb.
Web links