Setaria pumila |
Setaria sphacelata |
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pigeon grass, wood groundsel, yellow bristlegrass, yellow foxtail |
African bristle grass |
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Habit | Plants annual. | Plants perennial; cespitose, rhizomatous, rhizomes stout. | ||||
Culms | 30-130 cm. |
50-150 cm, flattened; nodes glabrous. |
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Sheaths | glabrous; ligules ciliate; blades 4-10 mm wide, loosely twisted, adaxial surfaces with papillose-based hairs basally. |
glabrous; blades 15-50 cm long, 4-10 mm wide, flat, rather lax. |
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Panicles | 3-15 cm, uniformly thick, erect, densely spicate; rachises hispid; bristles 4-12, 3-8 mm, antrorsely scabrous. |
5-25 cm long, 4-8 mm thick (excluding the bristles), densely spicate; bristles 5 or more, 3-6 mm, usually orange to purple. |
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Spikelets | 2-3.4 mm, strongly turgid. |
2.5-3 mm, elliptic-oblong. |
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Lower glumes | about 1/3 as long as the spikelets, 3-veined, acute; upper glumes about 1/2 as long as the spikelets, 5-veined, ovate; upper florets often staminate; lower lemmas equaling the upper lemmas; lower paleas equaling the lower lemmas, broad; upper lemmas conspicuously exposed, strongly transversely rugose. |
about as long as the spikelets; upper florets staminate; upper glumes Vi-A as long as the spikelets; lower lemmas equaling the upper lemmas; lower paleas equaling the upper paleas, broad; upper lemmas finely and transversely rugose; upper paleas similar to the upper lemmas. |
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2n | = 36, 72. |
= 36, 54. |
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Setaria pumila |
Setaria sphacelata |
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Distribution |
AL; AR; AZ; CA; CO; CT; DC; DE; FL; GA; IA; ID; IL; IN; KS; KY; LA; MA; MD; ME; MI; MN; MO; MS; MT; NC; ND; NE; NH; NJ; NM; NV; NY; OH; OK; OR; PA; RI; SC; SD; TN; TX; UT; VA; VT; WA; WI; WV; WY; HI; AB; BC; LB; MB; NB; NS; ON; PE; QC; SK
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AL; CA; FL; MS |
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Discussion | Setaria sphacelata is native to tropical Africa, but it has been found at a few scattered locations in the Flora region, often near a port. Clayton (1979) recognized five varieties of Setaria sphacelata. Those most likely to be introduced into the United States are Setaria sphacelata (Schumach.) Stapf & C.E. Hubb. var. sphacelata and S. sphacelata var. aurea (Hochst. ex A. Braun) Clayton, with var. aurea differing from var. sphacelata in having fibrous basal leaf sheaths and upper glumes that are often 3-veined. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
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Key |
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Source | FNA vol. 25, p. 558. | FNA vol. 25, p. 558. | ||||
Parent taxa | Poaceae > subfam. Panicoideae > tribe Paniceae > Setaria > subg. Setaria | Poaceae > subfam. Panicoideae > tribe Paniceae > Setaria > subg. Setaria | ||||
Sibling taxa | ||||||
Subordinate taxa | ||||||
Name authority | (Poir.) Roem. & Schult. | (Schumach.) Stapf & C.E. Hubb. | ||||
Web links |
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