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knot-root bristlegrass, knotroot foxtail, marsh bristle grass, yellow bristlegrass

pigeon grass, wood groundsel, yellow bristlegrass, yellow foxtail

Habit Plants perennial; rhizomatous, rhizomes short, knotty. Plants annual.
Culms

30-120 cm;

nodes glabrous.

30-130 cm.

Sheaths

glabrous;

ligules shorter than 1 mm, of hairs;

blades to 25 cm long, 2-8 mm wide, flat, scabrous above.

glabrous;

ligules ciliate;

blades 4-10 mm wide, loosely twisted, adaxial surfaces with papillose-based hairs basally.

Panicles

3-8 (10) cm, of uniform width throughout their length, densely spikelike;

rachises scabro-hispid;

bristles 4-12, 2-12 mm, antrorsely barbed, yellow to purple.

3-15 cm, uniformly thick, erect, densely spicate;

rachises hispid;

bristles 4-12, 3-8 mm, antrorsely scabrous.

Spikelets

2-2.8 mm, elliptical and turgid.

2-3.4 mm, strongly turgid.

Lower

glumes about 1/3 as long as the spikelets, 3-veined;

upper glumes 1/2 - 2/3 as long as the spikelets, 5-veined;

lower florets often staminate;

lower lemmas occasionally indurate and faintly transversely rugose;

lower paleas equaling the lower lemmas;

upper lemmas distinctly transversely rugose, often purple-tipped.

glumes about 1/3 as long as the spikelets, 3-veined, acute;

upper glumes about 1/2 as long as the spikelets, 5-veined, ovate;

upper florets often staminate;

lower lemmas equaling the upper lemmas;

lower paleas equaling the lower lemmas, broad;

upper lemmas conspicuously exposed, strongly transversely rugose.

2n

= 36, 72.

= 36, 72.

Setaria parviflora

Setaria pumila

Distribution
from FNA
AL; AR; AZ; CA; CT; DC; DE; FL; GA; IA; ID; IL; IN; KS; KY; LA; MA; MD; MO; MS; NC; NJ; NM; NV; NY; OH; OK; OR; PA; RI; SC; TN; TX; UT; VA; WA; WV; HI; PR; Virgin Islands
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
AL; AR; AZ; CA; CO; CT; DC; DE; FL; GA; IA; ID; IL; IN; KS; KY; LA; MA; MD; ME; MI; MN; MO; MS; MT; NC; ND; NE; NH; NJ; NM; NV; NY; OH; OK; OR; PA; RI; SC; SD; TN; TX; UT; VA; VT; WA; WI; WV; WY; HI; AB; BC; LB; MB; NB; NS; ON; PE; QC; SK
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Setaria parviflora is a common, native species of moist ground. It is most frequent along the Atlantic and Gulf coasts, but it also grows from the Central Valley of California east through the central United States and southward through Mexico to Central America, as well as in the West Indies. The plant from Oregon was found on a ballast dump; the species is not established in that state.

Setaria parviflora is the most morphologically diverse and widely distributed of the indigenous perennial species of Setaria.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Key
1. Spikelets 3-3.4 mm long; bristles yellow
subsp. pumila
1. Spikelets 2-2.5 mm long; bristles reddish subsp. pallidefusca
subsp. pallidefusca
Source FNA vol. 25, p. 556. FNA vol. 25, p. 558.
Parent taxa Poaceae > subfam. Panicoideae > tribe Paniceae > Setaria > subg. Setaria Poaceae > subfam. Panicoideae > tribe Paniceae > Setaria > subg. Setaria
Sibling taxa
S. adhaerans, S. arizonica, S. barbata, S. chapmanii, S. corrugata, S. faberi, S. grisebachii, S. italica, S. leucopila, S. liebmannii, S. macrosperma, S. macrostachya, S. magna, S. megaphylla, S. palmifolia, S. pumila, S. rariflora, S. reverchonii, S. scheelei, S. setosa, S. sphacelata, S. texana, S. verticillata, S. verticilliformis, S. villosissima, S. viridis
S. adhaerans, S. arizonica, S. barbata, S. chapmanii, S. corrugata, S. faberi, S. grisebachii, S. italica, S. leucopila, S. liebmannii, S. macrosperma, S. macrostachya, S. magna, S. megaphylla, S. palmifolia, S. parviflora, S. rariflora, S. reverchonii, S. scheelei, S. setosa, S. sphacelata, S. texana, S. verticillata, S. verticilliformis, S. villosissima, S. viridis
Subordinate taxa
S. pumila subsp. pallidefusca, S. pumila subsp. pumila
Synonyms S. imberbis, S. gracilis, S. geniculata
Name authority (Poir.) Kerguelen (Poir.) Roem. & Schult.
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