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knot-root bristlegrass, knotroot foxtail, marsh bristle grass, yellow bristlegrass

large-spike bristlegrass, plains bristlegrass

Habit Plants perennial; rhizomatous, rhizomes short, knotty. Plants perennial; densely cespitose.
Culms

30-120 cm;

nodes glabrous.

60-120 cm, rarely branched distally, scabrous below the nodes and panicles.

Sheaths

glabrous;

ligules shorter than 1 mm, of hairs;

blades to 25 cm long, 2-8 mm wide, flat, scabrous above.

keeled, glabrous, usually with a few white hairs at the throat;

ligules 2-4 mm, densely ciliate;

blades 15-20 cm long, 7-15 mm wide, flat, adaxial surface scabrous.

Panicles

3-8 (10) cm, of uniform width throughout their length, densely spikelike;

rachises scabro-hispid;

bristles 4-12, 2-12 mm, antrorsely barbed, yellow to purple.

10-30 cm long, 1-2 cm wide, uniformly thick from the base to the apex, dense, rarely lobed basally;

rachises scabrous and loosely pilose;

bristles usually solitary, 10-20 mm, soft, antrorsely scabrous.

Spikelets

2-2.8 mm, elliptical and turgid.

2-2.3 mm, subspherical.

Lower

glumes about 1/3 as long as the spikelets, 3-veined;

upper glumes 1/2 - 2/3 as long as the spikelets, 5-veined;

lower florets often staminate;

lower lemmas occasionally indurate and faintly transversely rugose;

lower paleas equaling the lower lemmas;

upper lemmas distinctly transversely rugose, often purple-tipped.

glumes 1/3 – 1/2 as long as the spikelets, 3-5-veined;

upper glumes about 3/4 as long as the spikelets, 5-7-veined;

lower lemmas equaling the upper lemmas, 5-veined;

lower paleas nearly equaling the upper paleas in length and width;

upper lemmas transversely rugose;

upper paleas convex, ovate.

2n

= 36, 72.

= 54.

Setaria parviflora

Setaria macrostachya

Distribution
from FNA
AL; AR; AZ; CA; CT; DC; DE; FL; GA; IA; ID; IL; IN; KS; KY; LA; MA; MD; MO; MS; NC; NJ; NM; NV; NY; OH; OK; OR; PA; RI; SC; TN; TX; UT; VA; WA; WV; HI; PR; Virgin Islands
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from FNA
AZ; GA; NM; NV; TX
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Discussion

Setaria parviflora is a common, native species of moist ground. It is most frequent along the Atlantic and Gulf coasts, but it also grows from the Central Valley of California east through the central United States and southward through Mexico to Central America, as well as in the West Indies. The plant from Oregon was found on a ballast dump; the species is not established in that state.

Setaria parviflora is the most morphologically diverse and widely distributed of the indigenous perennial species of Setaria.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Setaria macrostachya is abundant in the desert grass-lands of the southwestern United States, particularly in southern Arizon and Texas. It extends south through the highlands of central Mexico. It also grows in the West Indies, but is not common there. It is a valuable forage grass in the Flora region.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Source FNA vol. 25, p. 556. FNA vol. 25, p. 548.
Parent taxa Poaceae > subfam. Panicoideae > tribe Paniceae > Setaria > subg. Setaria Poaceae > subfam. Panicoideae > tribe Paniceae > Setaria > subg. Setaria
Sibling taxa
S. adhaerans, S. arizonica, S. barbata, S. chapmanii, S. corrugata, S. faberi, S. grisebachii, S. italica, S. leucopila, S. liebmannii, S. macrosperma, S. macrostachya, S. magna, S. megaphylla, S. palmifolia, S. pumila, S. rariflora, S. reverchonii, S. scheelei, S. setosa, S. sphacelata, S. texana, S. verticillata, S. verticilliformis, S. villosissima, S. viridis
S. adhaerans, S. arizonica, S. barbata, S. chapmanii, S. corrugata, S. faberi, S. grisebachii, S. italica, S. leucopila, S. liebmannii, S. macrosperma, S. magna, S. megaphylla, S. palmifolia, S. parviflora, S. pumila, S. rariflora, S. reverchonii, S. scheelei, S. setosa, S. sphacelata, S. texana, S. verticillata, S. verticilliformis, S. villosissima, S. viridis
Synonyms S. imberbis, S. gracilis, S. geniculata
Name authority (Poir.) Kerguelen Kunth
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