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knot-root bristlegrass, knotroot foxtail, marsh bristle grass, yellow bristlegrass

Chapman's bristlegrass

Habit Plants perennial; rhizomatous, rhizomes short, knotty. Plants perennial; cespitose.
Culms

30-120 cm;

nodes glabrous.

40-100 cm, erect, slender;

nodes glabrous.

Sheaths

glabrous;

ligules shorter than 1 mm, of hairs;

blades to 25 cm long, 2-8 mm wide, flat, scabrous above.

mostly glabrous, margins ciliate distally;

ligules 0.1-0.4 mm, of stiff hairs;

blades 15-40 cm long, 2-5 mm wide, those of the basal leaves involute, those of the cauline leaves flat, adaxial surfaces sparsely pilose basally.

Panicles

3-8 (10) cm, of uniform width throughout their length, densely spikelike;

rachises scabro-hispid;

bristles 4-12, 2-12 mm, antrorsely barbed, yellow to purple.

to 35 cm, nodding, slender, interrupted;

rachises scabridulous;

branches 5-20, erect, axes 0.4-3.2 cm, undulating, with 3-12 spikelets in 2 ranks, a single bristle present below the terminal spikelets;

bristles 3-6 mm.

Spikelets

2-2.8 mm, elliptical and turgid.

1.8-2.2 mm, obovate, turgid.

Lower

glumes about 1/3 as long as the spikelets, 3-veined;

upper glumes 1/2 - 2/3 as long as the spikelets, 5-veined;

lower florets often staminate;

lower lemmas occasionally indurate and faintly transversely rugose;

lower paleas equaling the lower lemmas;

upper lemmas distinctly transversely rugose, often purple-tipped.

glumes 0.6-0.8 mm, about 1/3 as long as the spikelets, 3-veined;

upper glumes equaling the upper lemmas, 5-7-veined;

lower lemmas equaling the upper lemmas;

lower paleas absent;

upper lemmas finely and transversely rugose;

anthers 0.9-1.1 mm.

2n

= 36, 72.

= unknown.

Setaria parviflora

Setaria chapmanii

Distribution
from FNA
AL; AR; AZ; CA; CT; DC; DE; FL; GA; IA; ID; IL; IN; KS; KY; LA; MA; MD; MO; MS; NC; NJ; NM; NV; NY; OH; OK; OR; PA; RI; SC; TN; TX; UT; VA; WA; WV; HI; PR; Virgin Islands
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from USDA
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Discussion

Setaria parviflora is a common, native species of moist ground. It is most frequent along the Atlantic and Gulf coasts, but it also grows from the Central Valley of California east through the central United States and southward through Mexico to Central America, as well as in the West Indies. The plant from Oregon was found on a ballast dump; the species is not established in that state.

Setaria parviflora is the most morphologically diverse and widely distributed of the indigenous perennial species of Setaria.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Setaria chapmanii is native to soils of coral or shell origin in the Florida Keys, the Bahamas, Cuba, and the Yucatan Peninsula, Mexico. The absence of the lower palea makes S. chapmanii unusual in subg. Paurochaetium.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Source FNA vol. 25, p. 556. FNA vol. 25, p. 545.
Parent taxa Poaceae > subfam. Panicoideae > tribe Paniceae > Setaria > subg. Setaria Poaceae > subfam. Panicoideae > tribe Paniceae > Setaria > subg. Paurochaetium
Sibling taxa
S. adhaerans, S. arizonica, S. barbata, S. chapmanii, S. corrugata, S. faberi, S. grisebachii, S. italica, S. leucopila, S. liebmannii, S. macrosperma, S. macrostachya, S. magna, S. megaphylla, S. palmifolia, S. pumila, S. rariflora, S. reverchonii, S. scheelei, S. setosa, S. sphacelata, S. texana, S. verticillata, S. verticilliformis, S. villosissima, S. viridis
S. adhaerans, S. arizonica, S. barbata, S. corrugata, S. faberi, S. grisebachii, S. italica, S. leucopila, S. liebmannii, S. macrosperma, S. macrostachya, S. magna, S. megaphylla, S. palmifolia, S. parviflora, S. pumila, S. rariflora, S. reverchonii, S. scheelei, S. setosa, S. sphacelata, S. texana, S. verticillata, S. verticilliformis, S. villosissima, S. viridis
Synonyms S. imberbis, S. gracilis, S. geniculata Paspalidium chapmanii
Name authority (Poir.) Kerguelen (Vasey) Pilg.
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