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knot-root bristlegrass, knotroot foxtail, marsh bristle grass, yellow bristlegrass

bigleaf bristlegrass

Habit Plants perennial; rhizomatous, rhizomes short, knotty. Plants perennial.
Culms

30-120 cm;

nodes glabrous.

100-200 cm, nodes villous.

Sheaths

glabrous;

ligules shorter than 1 mm, of hairs;

blades to 25 cm long, 2-8 mm wide, flat, scabrous above.

sparsely strigose or glabrous;

ligules about 2 mm, of hairs;

blades 40-60 cm long, 20-80 mm wide, strongly plicate, with scattered hairs on each surface.

Panicles

3-8 (10) cm, of uniform width throughout their length, densely spikelike;

rachises scabro-hispid;

bristles 4-12, 2-12 mm, antrorsely barbed, yellow to purple.

30-60 cm, lanceoloid;

branches 2-5 cm, stiff;

bristles solitary, usually present only below the terminal spikelet on each branch, occasionally below non-terminal spikelets, 1-1.5 cm.

Spikelets

2-2.8 mm, elliptical and turgid.

3-3.5 mm.

Lower glumes

about 1/3 as long as the spikelets, 3-veined;

upper glumes 1/2 - 2/3 as long as the spikelets, 5-veined;

lower florets often staminate;

lower lemmas occasionally indurate and faintly transversely rugose;

lower paleas equaling the lower lemmas;

upper lemmas distinctly transversely rugose, often purple-tipped.

1/2 as long as the spikelets, 3-veined;

upper glumes 2/3 as long as the spikelets, 5-7-veined;

lower lemmas equaling the upper lemmas, 5-veined;

lower paleas absent or reduced to a small scale;

upper lemmas about 3 mm, nearly smooth, shiny.

2n

= 36, 72.

= 54.

Setaria parviflora

Setaria megaphylla

Distribution
from FNA
AL; AR; AZ; CA; CT; DC; DE; FL; GA; IA; ID; IL; IN; KS; KY; LA; MA; MD; MO; MS; NC; NJ; NM; NV; NY; OH; OK; OR; PA; RI; SC; TN; TX; UT; VA; WA; WV; HI; PR; Virgin Islands
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from FNA
FL; LA
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Discussion

Setaria parviflora is a common, native species of moist ground. It is most frequent along the Atlantic and Gulf coasts, but it also grows from the Central Valley of California east through the central United States and southward through Mexico to Central America, as well as in the West Indies. The plant from Oregon was found on a ballast dump; the species is not established in that state.

Setaria parviflora is the most morphologically diverse and widely distributed of the indigenous perennial species of Setaria.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Setaria megaphylla is a species of tropical Africa and tropical America that has become established in Florida. Hitchcock (1951) stated that S. poiretiana (Schult.) Kunth was occasionally cultivated in the United States, but he was referring to S. megaphylla.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Source FNA vol. 25, p. 556. FNA vol. 25, p. 543.
Parent taxa Poaceae > subfam. Panicoideae > tribe Paniceae > Setaria > subg. Setaria Poaceae > subfam. Panicoideae > tribe Paniceae > Setaria > subg. Ptychophyllum
Sibling taxa
S. adhaerans, S. arizonica, S. barbata, S. chapmanii, S. corrugata, S. faberi, S. grisebachii, S. italica, S. leucopila, S. liebmannii, S. macrosperma, S. macrostachya, S. magna, S. megaphylla, S. palmifolia, S. pumila, S. rariflora, S. reverchonii, S. scheelei, S. setosa, S. sphacelata, S. texana, S. verticillata, S. verticilliformis, S. villosissima, S. viridis
S. adhaerans, S. arizonica, S. barbata, S. chapmanii, S. corrugata, S. faberi, S. grisebachii, S. italica, S. leucopila, S. liebmannii, S. macrosperma, S. macrostachya, S. magna, S. palmifolia, S. parviflora, S. pumila, S. rariflora, S. reverchonii, S. scheelei, S. setosa, S. sphacelata, S. texana, S. verticillata, S. verticilliformis, S. villosissima, S. viridis
Synonyms S. imberbis, S. gracilis, S. geniculata
Name authority (Poir.) Kerguelen (Steud.) T. Durand & Schinz
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