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palmgrass

green bristlegrass, setaire verte, Texas bristlegrass

Habit Plants perennial. Plants perennial.
Culms

1-2 m.

30-70 cm, wiry, much branched distally.

Sheaths

strigose, margins with stiff hairs;

collars hispid;

ligules about 2 mm, of hairs;

blades to 50 cm long, 20-80 mm wide, plicate, tapering at both ends, abaxial surfaces sparsely strigose, adaxial surfaces short pubescent near the base.

keeled, margins ciliate distally;

collars glabrate;

ligules to 1 mm, densely ciliate;

blades 5-15 cm long, 2-4 mm wide, flat, scabrous.

Panicles

to 40 cm, open;

branches 6-10 cm, loosely flexible, axes scabrous;

bristles solitary, usually present only below the terminal spikelet on each branch, occasionally below non-terminal spikelets, about 5 mm.

2-6 cm, spikelike, basal portion rarely lobed, tapering distally;

rachises scabrous to puberulent;

bristles solitary, 3-10 mm.

Spikelets

3-4 mm, elliptic, acuminate.

1.9-2.1 mm.

Lower glumes

1/2 as long as the spikelets, obtuse, 3-4-veined;

upper glumes nearly equaling the upper lemmas, 7-veined, acute;

lower lemmas exceeding the upper lemmas, 5-veined, apices involute;

lower paleas nearly equaling the lower lemmas in length and width;

upper lemmas obscurely transversely rugose, yellow, apiculate.

about 1/2 as long as the spikelets, 3-veined;

upper glumes about 3/4 as long as the spikelets, 5-veined;

lower lemmas nearly equaling the upper lemmas, 5-veined;

lower paleas rudimentary to 1/2 as long as the upper paleas;

upper lemmas finely and transversely rugose;

upper paleas narrow.

2n

= 54.

= 36.

Setaria palmifolia

Setaria texana

Distribution
map from FNA
HI
[BONAP county map]
map from FNA
TX
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Setaria palmifolia is primarily an Asiatic species. It is a common species in Jamaica, and has been reported from scattered locations around the southern coast of the United States. In the Flora region it is occasionally cultivated as an ornamental for the conspicuous, plicate leaves and large panicles. In Southeast Asia the grains are eaten as a substitute for rice and the tender, thickened shoots as a vegetable.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Setaria texana grows in shaded habitats on sandy loam soils of the Rio Grande plain of south Texas and northeastern Mexico.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Parent taxa Poaceae > subfam. Panicoideae > tribe Paniceae > Setaria > subg. Ptychophyllum Poaceae > subfam. Panicoideae > tribe Paniceae > Setaria > subg. Setaria
Sibling taxa
S. adhaerans, S. arizonica, S. barbata, S. chapmanii, S. corrugata, S. faberi, S. grisebachii, S. italica, S. leucopila, S. liebmannii, S. macrosperma, S. macrostachya, S. magna, S. megaphylla, S. parviflora, S. pumila, S. rariflora, S. reverchonii, S. scheelei, S. setosa, S. sphacelata, S. texana, S. verticillata, S. verticilliformis, S. villosissima, S. viridis
S. adhaerans, S. arizonica, S. barbata, S. chapmanii, S. corrugata, S. faberi, S. grisebachii, S. italica, S. leucopila, S. liebmannii, S. macrosperma, S. macrostachya, S. magna, S. megaphylla, S. palmifolia, S. parviflora, S. pumila, S. rariflora, S. reverchonii, S. scheelei, S. setosa, S. sphacelata, S. verticillata, S. verticilliformis, S. villosissima, S. viridis
Name authority (J. Konig) Stapf Emery
Source FNA vol. 25, p. 543. Treatment author: James M. Rominger. FNA vol. 25, p. 546. Treatment author: James M. Rominger.
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