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palmgrass

Chapman's bristlegrass

Habit Plants perennial. Plants perennial; cespitose.
Culms

1-2 m.

40-100 cm, erect, slender;

nodes glabrous.

Sheaths

strigose, margins with stiff hairs;

collars hispid;

ligules about 2 mm, of hairs;

blades to 50 cm long, 20-80 mm wide, plicate, tapering at both ends, abaxial surfaces sparsely strigose, adaxial surfaces short pubescent near the base.

mostly glabrous, margins ciliate distally;

ligules 0.1-0.4 mm, of stiff hairs;

blades 15-40 cm long, 2-5 mm wide, those of the basal leaves involute, those of the cauline leaves flat, adaxial surfaces sparsely pilose basally.

Panicles

to 40 cm, open;

branches 6-10 cm, loosely flexible, axes scabrous;

bristles solitary, usually present only below the terminal spikelet on each branch, occasionally below non-terminal spikelets, about 5 mm.

to 35 cm, nodding, slender, interrupted;

rachises scabridulous;

branches 5-20, erect, axes 0.4-3.2 cm, undulating, with 3-12 spikelets in 2 ranks, a single bristle present below the terminal spikelets;

bristles 3-6 mm.

Spikelets

3-4 mm, elliptic, acuminate.

1.8-2.2 mm, obovate, turgid.

Lower glumes

1/2 as long as the spikelets, obtuse, 3-4-veined;

upper glumes nearly equaling the upper lemmas, 7-veined, acute;

lower lemmas exceeding the upper lemmas, 5-veined, apices involute;

lower paleas nearly equaling the lower lemmas in length and width;

upper lemmas obscurely transversely rugose, yellow, apiculate.

0.6-0.8 mm, about 1/3 as long as the spikelets, 3-veined;

upper glumes equaling the upper lemmas, 5-7-veined;

lower lemmas equaling the upper lemmas;

lower paleas absent;

upper lemmas finely and transversely rugose;

anthers 0.9-1.1 mm.

2n

= 54.

= unknown.

Setaria palmifolia

Setaria chapmanii

Distribution
map from FNA
HI
[BONAP county map]
map from USDA
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Setaria palmifolia is primarily an Asiatic species. It is a common species in Jamaica, and has been reported from scattered locations around the southern coast of the United States. In the Flora region it is occasionally cultivated as an ornamental for the conspicuous, plicate leaves and large panicles. In Southeast Asia the grains are eaten as a substitute for rice and the tender, thickened shoots as a vegetable.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Setaria chapmanii is native to soils of coral or shell origin in the Florida Keys, the Bahamas, Cuba, and the Yucatan Peninsula, Mexico. The absence of the lower palea makes S. chapmanii unusual in subg. Paurochaetium.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Parent taxa Poaceae > subfam. Panicoideae > tribe Paniceae > Setaria > subg. Ptychophyllum Poaceae > subfam. Panicoideae > tribe Paniceae > Setaria > subg. Paurochaetium
Sibling taxa
S. adhaerans, S. arizonica, S. barbata, S. chapmanii, S. corrugata, S. faberi, S. grisebachii, S. italica, S. leucopila, S. liebmannii, S. macrosperma, S. macrostachya, S. magna, S. megaphylla, S. parviflora, S. pumila, S. rariflora, S. reverchonii, S. scheelei, S. setosa, S. sphacelata, S. texana, S. verticillata, S. verticilliformis, S. villosissima, S. viridis
S. adhaerans, S. arizonica, S. barbata, S. corrugata, S. faberi, S. grisebachii, S. italica, S. leucopila, S. liebmannii, S. macrosperma, S. macrostachya, S. magna, S. megaphylla, S. palmifolia, S. parviflora, S. pumila, S. rariflora, S. reverchonii, S. scheelei, S. setosa, S. sphacelata, S. texana, S. verticillata, S. verticilliformis, S. villosissima, S. viridis
Synonyms Paspalidium chapmanii
Name authority (J. Konig) Stapf (Vasey) Pilg.
Source FNA vol. 25, p. 543. Treatment author: James M. Rominger. FNA vol. 25, p. 545. Treatment author: James M. Rominger.
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