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palmgrass

Arizona bristlegrass

Habit Plants perennial. Plants annual.
Culms

1-2 m.

25-50 cm;

nodes pubescent.

Sheaths

strigose, margins with stiff hairs;

collars hispid;

ligules about 2 mm, of hairs;

blades to 50 cm long, 20-80 mm wide, plicate, tapering at both ends, abaxial surfaces sparsely strigose, adaxial surfaces short pubescent near the base.

glabrous, margins ciliate distally;

ligules 1-2 mm, ciliate;

blades 7-15 cm long, 5-8 mm wide, flat, scabrous, abaxial surface conspicuously hispid over the veins with papillose-based hairs, adaxial surface sparsely hispid over the veins;

bristles solitary, 5-15 mm, flexible.

Panicles

to 40 cm, open;

branches 6-10 cm, loosely flexible, axes scabrous;

bristles solitary, usually present only below the terminal spikelet on each branch, occasionally below non-terminal spikelets, about 5 mm.

5-12 cm, loosely spicate;

rachises scabrous.

Spikelets

3-4 mm, elliptic, acuminate.

1.8-2 mm.

Lower glumes

1/2 as long as the spikelets, obtuse, 3-4-veined;

upper glumes nearly equaling the upper lemmas, 7-veined, acute;

lower lemmas exceeding the upper lemmas, 5-veined, apices involute;

lower paleas nearly equaling the lower lemmas in length and width;

upper lemmas obscurely transversely rugose, yellow, apiculate.

about 1/3 as long as the spikelets, 3-veined, lateral veins coalescing with the central vein below the apices;

upper glumes about 2/3 as long as the upper lemmas, 5-veined, obtuse;

lower paleas equaling the lower lemmas, broad;

upper lemmas very strongly and coarsely transversely rugose;

upper paleas similar to the upper lemmas.

2n

= 54.

= unknown.

Setaria palmifolia

Setaria arizonica

Distribution
map from FNA
HI
[BONAP county map]
map from FNA
AZ
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Setaria palmifolia is primarily an Asiatic species. It is a common species in Jamaica, and has been reported from scattered locations around the southern coast of the United States. In the Flora region it is occasionally cultivated as an ornamental for the conspicuous, plicate leaves and large panicles. In Southeast Asia the grains are eaten as a substitute for rice and the tender, thickened shoots as a vegetable.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Setaria arizonica is locally abundant in sandy washes on both sides of the Arizona-Sonora border, southwest of Tucson.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Parent taxa Poaceae > subfam. Panicoideae > tribe Paniceae > Setaria > subg. Ptychophyllum Poaceae > subfam. Panicoideae > tribe Paniceae > Setaria > subg. Setaria
Sibling taxa
S. adhaerans, S. arizonica, S. barbata, S. chapmanii, S. corrugata, S. faberi, S. grisebachii, S. italica, S. leucopila, S. liebmannii, S. macrosperma, S. macrostachya, S. magna, S. megaphylla, S. parviflora, S. pumila, S. rariflora, S. reverchonii, S. scheelei, S. setosa, S. sphacelata, S. texana, S. verticillata, S. verticilliformis, S. villosissima, S. viridis
S. adhaerans, S. barbata, S. chapmanii, S. corrugata, S. faberi, S. grisebachii, S. italica, S. leucopila, S. liebmannii, S. macrosperma, S. macrostachya, S. magna, S. megaphylla, S. palmifolia, S. parviflora, S. pumila, S. rariflora, S. reverchonii, S. scheelei, S. setosa, S. sphacelata, S. texana, S. verticillata, S. verticilliformis, S. villosissima, S. viridis
Name authority (J. Konig) Stapf Rominger
Source FNA vol. 25, p. 543. Treatment author: James M. Rominger. FNA vol. 25, p. 552. Treatment author: James M. Rominger.
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