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palmgrass

green bristle grass, green foxtail, setaire verte

Habit Plants perennial. Plants annual.
Culms

1-2 m. Sheaths strigose, margins with stiff hairs;

collars hispid;

ligules about 2 mm, of hairs;

blades to 50 cm long, 20-80 mm wide, plicate, tapering at both ends, abaxial surfaces sparsely strigose, adaxial surfaces short pubescent near the base.

20-250 cm;

nodes glabrous.

Sheaths

glabrous, sometimes scabridu-lous, margins ciliate distally;

ligules 1-2 mm, ciliate;

blades to 20 cm long, 4-25 mm wide, flat, scabrous or smooth, glabrous.

Panicles

to 40 cm, open;

branches 6-10 cm, loosely flexible, axes scabrous;

bristles solitary, usually present only below the terminal spikelet on each branch, occasionally below non-terminal spikelets, about 5 mm.

3-20 cm, densely spicate, nodding only from near the apices;

rachises hispid and villous;

bristles 1-3, 5-10 mm, antrorsely scabrous, usually green, rarely purple.

Spikelets

3-4 mm, elliptic, acuminate.

1.8-2.2 mm.

Lower glumes

1/2 as long as the spikelets, obtuse, 3-4-veined;

upper glumes nearly equaling the upper lemmas, 7-veined, acute;

lower lemmas exceeding the upper lemmas, 5-veined, apices involute;

lower paleas nearly equaling the lower lemmas in length and width;

upper lemmas obscurely transversely rugose, yellow, apiculate.

about as long as the spikelets, triangular-ovate, 3-veined;

upper glumes nearly equaling the upper lemmas, elliptical, 5-6-veined;

lower lemmas slightly exceeding the upper lemmas, 5-veined;

lower paleas about as long as the lower lemmas, hyaline;

upper lemmas very finely and transversely rugose, pale green, 5-6-veined;

upper paleas similar to the upper lemmas.

2n

= 54.

= 18.

Setaria palmifolia

Setaria viridis

Distribution
from FNA
HI
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
AK; AL; AR; AZ; CA; CO; CT; DC; DE; FL; GA; IA; ID; IL; IN; KS; KY; LA; MA; MD; ME; MI; MN; MO; MS; MT; NC; ND; NE; NH; NJ; NM; NV; NY; OH; OK; OR; PA; RI; SC; SD; TN; TX; UT; VA; VT; WA; WI; WV; WY; AB; BC; LB; MB; NB; NS; NT; ON; PE; QC; SK; YT
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Setaria palmifolia is primarily an Asiatic species. It is a common species in Jamaica, and has been reported from scattered locations around the southern coast of the United States. In the Flora region it is occasionally cultivated as an ornamental for the conspicuous, plicate leaves and large panicles. In Southeast Asia the grains are eaten as a substitute for rice and the tender, thickened shoots as a vegetable.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Setaria viridis resembles S. italica but differs in its shorter spikelets and rugose upper florets, and mode of disarticulation. It is also a more aggressive weed. It is native to Eurasia but is now widespread in warm temperate regions of the world.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Key
1. Culms 100-250 cm tall; blades 10-25 mm wide; panicles 10-20 cm long
var. major
1. Culms 20-100 cm tall; blades 4-12 mm wide; panicles 3-8 cm long
var. viridis
Source FNA vol. 25, p. 543. FNA vol. 25, p. 554.
Parent taxa Poaceae > subfam. Panicoideae > tribe Paniceae > Setaria > subg. Ptychophyllum Poaceae > subfam. Panicoideae > tribe Paniceae > Setaria > subg. Setaria
Sibling taxa
S. adhaerans, S. arizonica, S. barbata, S. chapmanii, S. corrugata, S. faberi, S. grisebachii, S. italica, S. leucopila, S. liebmannii, S. macrosperma, S. macrostachya, S. magna, S. megaphylla, S. parviflora, S. pumila, S. rariflora, S. reverchonii, S. scheelei, S. setosa, S. sphacelata, S. texana, S. verticillata, S. verticilliformis, S. villosissima, S. viridis
S. adhaerans, S. arizonica, S. barbata, S. chapmanii, S. corrugata, S. faberi, S. grisebachii, S. italica, S. leucopila, S. liebmannii, S. macrosperma, S. macrostachya, S. magna, S. megaphylla, S. palmifolia, S. parviflora, S. pumila, S. rariflora, S. reverchonii, S. scheelei, S. setosa, S. sphacelata, S. texana, S. verticillata, S. verticilliformis, S. villosissima
Subordinate taxa
S. viridis var. major, S. viridis var. viridis
Name authority (J. Konig) Stapf (L.) P. Beauv.
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