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wand riverhemp

papagayo, silky sesban

Habit Shrubs or trees, to 4 m. Herbs, [trees or shrubs], to 6 m.
Stems

glabrous or pilose, hairs persistent, close-pressed, golden or clear in age, developing leaves and young stems with same pubescence of simple hairs;

pith solid or spongy.

sometimes with prickles, sericeous, hairs persistent, golden tan;

pith spongy.

Leaves

13–25+ cm;

stipules 0.3–0.4 cm, with conspicuous inner fold throughout, hairs dense, close-pressed, inner fold and base with stipitate, multicellular glands;

pulvinus slightly more than 1/2 as long as petiole;

rachis ± sericeous, without stipitate glands, obscure gland(s) present at petiolule base;

stipels reduced in size between successive leaflets, long-filamentous glandular;

leaflets 28–36+, blades elliptic-ovate to oblong, base acute, apex obtuse to acute, surfaces silky sericeous abaxially, usually glabrous adaxially.

10.5–22.3 cm;

stipules 0.6 cm, golden tan-sericeous, with conspicuous inner fold 3/4 its length, base of fold unlike other Sesbania with additional shorter fold that parallels long one, inner fold without stipitate, multicellular glands, glands often present at base;

pulvinus more than 1/2 as long as petiole;

rachis sericeous, with stipitate glands in canal;

stipels long, narrow, ± glandular;

leaflets 34–96+, blades elliptic-ovate to broadly linear, base obtuse to acute, apex truncate to rounded obtuse, surfaces sericeous, hairs dense, golden tan abaxially, usually glabrous adaxially.

Inflorescences

5–15+-flowered, racemes.

1–18+-flowered, racemes.

Peduncles

(0.6–)1.7–2.1(–4.1) cm.

(0.2–)0.5–0.6(–1.5) cm.

Flowers

(0.7–)0.9–1(–1.3) cm;

calyx ± zygomorphic, lobes 5, short-acuminate, rim of tube villose, stalked glands between abaxial lobes absent in fruit;

corolla yellow, banner venation sometimes darker;

banner ovate, base cordate-truncate, apex emarginate, becoming strongly reflexed and contorted, calluses as relatively small, acute teeth at claw base, thickened, knoblike at base of blade/top of claw;

wings without basal tooth;

keel ± same color throughout, apex acute, curved strongly inward, without basal tooth;

stamens incurved within keel;

style recurved;

ovules 4–6.

(0.7–)0.8–0.9(–1.9) cm;

calyx actinomorphic, lobes 5, deltate-acuminate, rim of tube with net of long hairs, stalked glands present at base of sinus, absent in fruit;

corolla yellow-orange, banner sometimes with purple-maroon spots on outer surface;

banner ovate, base broadly tapered, apex emarginate, calluses as ridges along claw, callus apices truncate;

wings without basal tooth;

keel same color throughout, similar to wings, apex ± truncate, curved upward to inward towards calyx, with basal tooth;

stamens curved inward within keel;

style recurved towards banner;

ovules 18–32.

Legumes

red- to gray-brown, without horizontal mottling in age, 4-angled, square in cross section, straight or slightly falcate, (0.8–)4.4–5.5(–6.5) × (0.7–)0.8(–0.9) cm, thick, woody, seed chambers apparent in young fruits becoming obscure at maturity, margins of young fruits with shallow thin ridges resembling early wings of S. punicea or S. drummondii, ridges becoming thickened and rounded at maturity, beak short-pyramidal, (0.2–)0.4–0.7(–1.3) cm, indehiscent;

stipe (0.4–)0.5–0.6(–0.9) cm.

reddish brown, with horizontal mottling, narrow-elongate, terete to elliptic in cross section, straight to falcate, (1.7–)10–12.7(–18.8) × (0.2–)0.3(–0.4) cm, beak connate, narrowly tapered, 0.2(–0.4) cm, tardily elastic dehiscent;

stipe (0.1–)0.2(–0.3) cm.

Seeds

(1–)4 or 5(or 6), reddish brown to gray, without mottling, reniform-orbicular.

(3–)19–24(–32), greenish gray to brownish red, without mottling, columnar.

2n

= 12.

= 12, 24.

Sesbania virgata

Sesbania sericea

Phenology Flowering early summer–early fall. Flowering early summer–fall.
Habitat Wet areas, ripar­ian, wetlands, coastal, disturbed sites. Wet areas, riparian, wetlands, coastal, disturbed sites.
Elevation 0–20 m. [0–70 ft.] 0–200 m. [0–700 ft.]
Distribution
from FNA
FL; MS; South America [Introduced also in se Mexico (Veracruz), West Indies, Central America]
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
FL; TX; Asia (Sri Lanka) [Introduced in North America; introduced also in Mexico, West Indies, Central America, South America, Africa]
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Sesbania virgata is native to northern Argentina and southern Paraguay and has been introduced to numerous port cities in the Americas. In the flora area, it is known from the Pensacola, Florida, region and from several populations along the coastline southeastward to Hillsborough and Pinellas counties and westward to Harrison County, Mississippi. The most distinguishing characteristic of the species is the quadrangular pod.

Sesbania affinis De Wildeman (1904) is a later homonym (not Schrader ex de Candolle 1825) that pertains here.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Sesbania sericea is sometimes mistaken for S. herbacea but is more limited in its distribution, found only in Florida and Texas, while S. herbacea is widespread in the flora area. Identification is straightforward when relying upon the dense tomentum of appressed hairs found on the underside of the leaves, as no other North American species of Sesbania shares this attribute.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Source FNA vol. 11. FNA vol. 11.
Parent taxa Fabaceae > subfam. Faboideae > Sesbania Fabaceae > subfam. Faboideae > Sesbania
Sibling taxa
S. drummondii, S. grandiflora, S. herbacea, S. punicea, S. sericea, S. vesicaria
S. drummondii, S. grandiflora, S. herbacea, S. punicea, S. vesicaria, S. virgata
Synonyms Aeschynomene virgata, Agati virgata, Coursetia virgata, Emerus marginatus, S. marginata, S. tetragona Coronilla sericea, Agati sericea, Emerus pubescens, S. laevigata, S. pubescens
Name authority (Cavanilles) Poiret in J. Lamarck et al.: Encycl. 7: 129. (1806) — (as Sesban) (Willdenow) Link: Enum. Hort. Berol. Alt. 2: 244. (1822)
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