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rattlebox, scarlet sesban

bigpod sesbania, coffee weed, Colorado River hemp, hemp sesbania, peatree, tall river-hemp

Habit Shrubs or trees, to 4 m. Stems glabrous in age; pith spongy, soon becoming obsolete. Herbs, often woody at base, to 4.5 m. Stems sometimes with prickles along stem and leaf rachis, glabrous in age; pith spongy becoming septate.
Leaves

4.5–30+ cm;

stipules 0.4–0.5 cm, with inconspicuous inner fold 2/3 its length, inner fold and base often with stipitate, multicellular glands and long, simple hairs;

pulvinus less than 1/2 as long as petiole;

rachis ± appressed-pilose, with or without stipitate glands in canal, stipitate gland present at petiolule base;

stipels narrow, gland tipped;

leaflets 14–40, blades elliptic to oblong-obovate, base acute-obtuse, apex truncate to obtuse, surfaces glabrous or sparsely pubescent abaxially, usually glabrous adaxially.

10–30+ cm;

stipules 1–1.1 mm, with inner fold throughout, inner fold and base with stipitate, multicellular glands;

pulvinus at least 1/2 as long as petiole;

rachis glabrous, with stipitate glands in canal at base of each leaflet pair;

stipels narrow, ± glandular;

leaflets 20–80+, blades rectangular to oblong, base obtuse, apex truncate to obtuse, surfaces usually glabrous.

Inflorescences

5–15+-flowered, racemes.

1–18+-flowered, racemes.

Peduncles

(1.1–)2.1–2.4(–3.3) cm.

(0.2–)1.6–1.9(–4.2) cm.

Flowers

(1.8–)2–2.2(–2.5) cm;

calyx ± zygomorphic, usually absent at fruit maturity, lobes 5, short and broad, sinuses shallow, rim of tube glabrous, stalked glands absent;

corolla orange-grenadine-red;

banner ovate, base truncate, apex emarginate, calluses as relatively small, acute teeth at claw base;

wings without basal tooth;

keel ± same color throughout, apex rounded-obtuse, curved upward, without basal tooth;

stamens curved upward within keel;

style curved upward with stamens;

ovules 6 or 7(–10).

(1–)1.4–1.5(–1.9) cm;

calyx actinomorphic, lobes 5, subulate–acuminate, rim of tube glabrous or with short hairs inside, stalked glands absent;

corolla yellow-orange, banner with purple-maroon spots on outer surface;

banner ovate to obovate, base truncate, apex obtuse-retuse, calluses as shallow ridges or winglike along claw, callus apices truncate to rounded with lobes less than 2 mm;

wings with basal tooth (short, blunt);

keel yellow, apex purple or maroon, rounded-acute, curved upward to inward towards banner, with basal tooth;

stamens strongly curved inward within keel;

style recurved towards banner;

ovules (12–)29–36(–51).

Legumes

red-brown, with or without horizontal mottling, 4-angled, square in cross section, ± straight, with pronounced, spreading wings, torulose or not, (5.2–)8.8–9.5(–10.7) × (0.7–)0.8(–9) cm, seed compartments slightly pronounced externally in age, beak long-pyramidal to triangular, (0.5–)0.9–1(–1.4) cm, tardily dehiscent;

stipe (0.8–)1.1–1.2(–1.6) cm.

brown, with maroon-red mottling, narrow-elongate, terete to elliptic in cross section, straight to falcate, (8.3–)16.9–19.4(–23.5) × 0.3(–0.4) cm, beak connate, narrowly tapered, (0.3–)0.6–0.8(–1.1) cm, tardily elastic dehiscent;

stipe (0.2–)0.5(–0.7) mm.

Seeds

(1–)6 or 7(–10), red-brown to gray, without mottling, globose to reniform-orbicular.

(12–)29–36(–51), green-brown to reddish, often with purple-black mottling, columnar.

2n

= 12.

Sesbania punicea

Sesbania herbacea

Phenology Flowering early summer–fall. Flowering early summer–fall.
Habitat Wet areas, riparian, wetlands, coastal, disturbed sites. Wet areas, riparian, wetlands, coastal, disturbed sites.
Elevation 0–500 m. (0–1600 ft.) 0–900 m. (0–3000 ft.)
Distribution
from FNA
AL; AR; CA; FL; GA; LA; MS; NC; SC; TX; VA; South America [Introduced in North America; introduced also in e Mexico, West Indies, Central America, Africa (South Africa)]
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
AL; AZ; CA; FL; GA; IL; KS; KY; LA; MA; MD; MO; MS; NC; NJ; NY; OK; PA; SC; TN; TX; VA; Central America; South America; Mexico (Baja California, Colima, Nayarit, Oaxaca, Sinaloa, Sonora); West Indies
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Sesbania punicea is used as an ornamental and is commonly sold under the name Scarlet Sesban. This native of central South America can survive short freezes and has escaped and become a noxious weed in some wetland locations.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

The range of Sesbania herbacea is expanding in North America and South America. It has been collected once in Ontario, as a waif.

Sesbania macrocarpa Muhlenberg ex Rafinesque is a superfluous illegitimate name that pertains here.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Source FNA vol. 11. FNA vol. 11.
Parent taxa Fabaceae > subfam. Faboideae > Sesbania Fabaceae > subfam. Faboideae > Sesbania
Sibling taxa
S. drummondii, S. grandiflora, S. herbacea, S. sericea, S. vesicaria, S. virgata
S. drummondii, S. grandiflora, S. punicea, S. sericea, S. vesicaria, S. virgata
Synonyms Piscidia punicea, Aeschynomene miniata, Daubentonia punicea, S. tripetii Emerus herbacea, Aeschynomene emerus, Coronilla occidentalis, Darwinia exaltata, Emerus sesban var. occidentalis, S. cassioides, S. emerus, S. exaltata, S. microcarpa var. picta, S. occidentalis, S. sonorae
Name authority (Cavanilles) Bentham in C. F. P. von Martius et al.: Fl. Bras. 15(1): 43. (1859) (Miller) McVaugh in R. McVaugh and W. R. Anderson: Fl. Novo-Galiciana 5: 695. (1987)
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