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rattlebox, scarlet sesban

vegetable hummingbird

Habit Shrubs or trees, to 4 m. Stems glabrous in age; pith spongy, soon becoming obsolete. Trees, to 6 m. Stems with close-pressed hairs; pith not observed.
Leaves

4.5–30+ cm;

stipules 0.4–0.5 cm, with inconspicuous inner fold 2/3 its length, inner fold and base often with stipitate, multicellular glands and long, simple hairs;

pulvinus less than 1/2 as long as petiole;

rachis ± appressed-pilose, with or without stipitate glands in canal, stipitate gland present at petiolule base;

stipels narrow, gland tipped;

leaflets 14–40, blades elliptic to oblong-obovate, base acute-obtuse, apex truncate to obtuse, surfaces glabrous or sparsely pubescent abaxially, usually glabrous adaxially.

8–43+ cm;

stipules 0.8–0.9 cm, with conspicuous inner fold throughout, inner fold often with velutinous, stipitate glands, glands absent at base;

pulvinus at least 1/2 as long as petiole;

rachis glabrescent or glabrous, with stipitate glands at base of leaflets in canal (not between leaflet pairs);

stipels long, narrow, glandular;

leaflets 10–20–50+, blades ligulate to elliptic-oblong, base obtuse to acute, apex emarginate to truncate, surfaces usually glabrous, sometimes with close-pressed, golden hairs.

Inflorescences

5–15+-flowered, racemes.

1–12+-flowered, racemes or panicles.

Peduncles

(1.1–)2.1–2.4(–3.3) cm.

(1.2–)1.9–2.3(–3.1) cm.

Flowers

(1.8–)2–2.2(–2.5) cm;

calyx ± zygomorphic, usually absent at fruit maturity, lobes 5, short and broad, sinuses shallow, rim of tube glabrous, stalked glands absent;

corolla orange-grenadine-red;

banner ovate, base truncate, apex emarginate, calluses as relatively small, acute teeth at claw base;

wings without basal tooth;

keel ± same color throughout, apex rounded-obtuse, curved upward, without basal tooth;

stamens curved upward within keel;

style curved upward with stamens;

ovules 6 or 7(–10).

(5.1–)6.3–7(–7.9) cm;

calyx zygomorphic, ± bilabiate, lobes 0 or 5, rounded or obsolete, rim often with sinuous hairs from inner surface, with short, straight, close-pressed hairs on outer surface near teeth, stalked glands absent from rim, absent in fruit;

corolla white or red-crimson;

banner oblong, base truncate to cordate, apex emarginate, calluses as shallow ridges along claw;

wings without basal tooth;

keel ± same color throughout or claw white and blade pink or scarlet, apex acute-rounded, curved upward to slightly inward, with basal tooth;

stamens curved upward within keel;

style curved upward with keel;

ovules 27–48.

Legumes

red-brown, with or without horizontal mottling, 4-angled, square in cross section, ± straight, with pronounced, spreading wings, torulose or not, (5.2–)8.8–9.5(–10.7) × (0.7–)0.8(–9) cm, seed compartments slightly pronounced externally in age, beak long-pyramidal to triangular, (0.5–)0.9–1(–1.4) cm, tardily dehiscent;

stipe (0.8–)1.1–1.2(–1.6) cm.

brown-tan, without mottling, flattened parallel to sutures, rectangular in cross section, straight to falcate, (35.1–)38.7–43.8(–49.7) × (0.5–)0.7–0.8(–0.9) cm, beak gradually tapered, flattened, (0.6–)1–1.7(–2) cm, tardily dehiscent;

stipe (4.3–)4.4–4.5(–4.6) cm.

Seeds

(1–)6 or 7(–10), red-brown to gray, without mottling, globose to reniform-orbicular.

(27–)35–40(–46), yellow-green or brown to reddish, without mottling, reniform-orbicular.

2n

= 12.

= 12.

Sesbania punicea

Sesbania grandiflora

Phenology Flowering early summer–fall. Flowering summer–fall.
Habitat Wet areas, riparian, wetlands, coastal, disturbed sites. Wet areas, riparian and wetland sandy soils, disturbed sites.
Elevation 0–500 m. (0–1600 ft.) 0–20 m. (0–100 ft.)
Distribution
from FNA
AL; AR; CA; FL; GA; LA; MS; NC; SC; TX; VA; South America [Introduced in North America; introduced also in e Mexico, West Indies, Central America, Africa (South Africa)]
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
FL; s Mexico; Central America; South America; West Indies; se Asia; Africa; Pacific Islands; Australia [Introduced in North America]
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Sesbania punicea is used as an ornamental and is commonly sold under the name Scarlet Sesban. This native of central South America can survive short freezes and has escaped and become a noxious weed in some wetland locations.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Sesbania grandiflora has relatively large, showy flowers and is grown throughout the tropics as an ornamental. Its original range is difficult to ascertain due to its widespread horticultural use; other Sesbania species endemic to the South Pacific have similar morphology, and molecular evidence suggests shared ancestry (F. T. Farruggia 2009).

In the flora area, Sesbania grandiflora is known from the Florida Keys.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Source FNA vol. 11. FNA vol. 11.
Parent taxa Fabaceae > subfam. Faboideae > Sesbania Fabaceae > subfam. Faboideae > Sesbania
Sibling taxa
S. drummondii, S. grandiflora, S. herbacea, S. sericea, S. vesicaria, S. virgata
S. drummondii, S. herbacea, S. punicea, S. sericea, S. vesicaria, S. virgata
Synonyms Piscidia punicea, Aeschynomene miniata, Daubentonia punicea, S. tripetii Robinia grandiflora, Aeschynomene grandiflora, Agati grandiflora, Coronilla grandiflora, Dolichos arboreus, Emerus grandiflorus, Resupinaria grandiflora, S. coccinea
Name authority (Cavanilles) Bentham in C. F. P. von Martius et al.: Fl. Bras. 15(1): 43. (1859) (Linnaeus) Poiret in J. Lamarck et al.: Encycl. 7: 127. (1806) — (as Sesban grandiflorus)
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