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poisonbean, rattlebush

bigpod sesbania, coffee weed, Colorado River hemp, hemp sesbania, peatree, tall river-hemp

Habit Shrubs or subshrubs, to 3 m. Stems glabrous in age; pith spongy. Herbs, often woody at base, to 4.5 m. Stems sometimes with prickles along stem and leaf rachis, glabrous in age; pith spongy becoming septate.
Leaves

12–19 cm;

stipules 0.2–0.4 cm, with inconspicuous inner fold throughout, inner fold and base with stipitate, multicellular glands or glabrous;

pulvinus less than 1/2 as long as petiole;

rachis ± glabrous, without stipitate glands in canal;

stipels narrow obscure glands;

leaflets 16–50+, blades elliptic-ovate to oblong, base acute, apex obtuse, surfaces glaucous, usually glabrous abaxially, sometimes with diffuse, close-pressed hairs.

10–30+ cm;

stipules 1–1.1 mm, with inner fold throughout, inner fold and base with stipitate, multicellular glands;

pulvinus at least 1/2 as long as petiole;

rachis glabrous, with stipitate glands in canal at base of each leaflet pair;

stipels narrow, ± glandular;

leaflets 20–80+, blades rectangular to oblong, base obtuse, apex truncate to obtuse, surfaces usually glabrous.

Inflorescences

1–12-flowered, racemes.

1–18+-flowered, racemes.

Peduncles

(0.9–)1.7–1.8(–3) cm.

(0.2–)1.6–1.9(–4.2) cm.

Flowers

(0.9–)1.3–1.5(–1.7) cm;

calyx ± zygo-morphic, deciduous before fruits mature, lobes 5, short-deltate, rim of tube with spreading hairs, stalked glands usually present between abaxial lobes;

corolla pale yellow;

banner ovate, base truncate-obcordate, apex emarginate, calluses as relatively small ridges at claw base, forming a pocket, thickened, knoblike at top of claw;

wings without basal tooth;

keel ± same color throughout, apex rounded-obtuse, curved upward to slightly outward in apical tooth, without basal tooth;

stamens curved upward;

style curved upward with stamens;

ovules 4–9.

(1–)1.4–1.5(–1.9) cm;

calyx actinomorphic, lobes 5, subulate–acuminate, rim of tube glabrous or with short hairs inside, stalked glands absent;

corolla yellow-orange, banner with purple-maroon spots on outer surface;

banner ovate to obovate, base truncate, apex obtuse-retuse, calluses as shallow ridges or winglike along claw, callus apices truncate to rounded with lobes less than 2 mm;

wings with basal tooth (short, blunt);

keel yellow, apex purple or maroon, rounded-acute, curved upward to inward towards banner, with basal tooth;

stamens strongly curved inward within keel;

style recurved towards banner;

ovules (12–)29–36(–51).

Legumes

light tan to reddish brown, 4-angled, with pronounced torulose wings, square in cross section, straight, (3.2–)5.7–6.2(–9.3) × 0.8(–0.9) mm, seed chambers clearly visible externally, beak short- to long-pyramidal, (0.4–)0.7–0.8(–1.3) cm, indehiscent or tardily dehiscent;

stipe (1.1–)1.6(–2) cm.

brown, with maroon-red mottling, narrow-elongate, terete to elliptic in cross section, straight to falcate, (8.3–)16.9–19.4(–23.5) × 0.3(–0.4) cm, beak connate, narrowly tapered, (0.3–)0.6–0.8(–1.1) cm, tardily elastic dehiscent;

stipe (0.2–)0.5(–0.7) mm.

Seeds

(1–)3 or 4(–9), dark reddish brown, without mottling, reniform-orbicular.

(12–)29–36(–51), green-brown to reddish, often with purple-black mottling, columnar.

2n

= 12.

Sesbania drummondii

Sesbania herbacea

Phenology Flowering summer–fall. Flowering early summer–fall.
Habitat Wet areas, riparian on sandy soils, coastal sites, disturbed sites. Wet areas, riparian, wetlands, coastal, disturbed sites.
Elevation 0–600 m. (0–2000 ft.) 0–900 m. (0–3000 ft.)
Distribution
from FNA
AL; AR; FL; GA; LA; MS; SC; TX; Mexico (Tamaulipas)
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
AL; AZ; CA; FL; GA; IL; KS; KY; LA; MA; MD; MO; MS; NC; NJ; NY; OK; PA; SC; TN; TX; VA; Central America; South America; Mexico (Baja California, Colima, Nayarit, Oaxaca, Sinaloa, Sonora); West Indies
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Sesbania drummondii is often mistaken for the Mexican species S. cavanillesii S. Watson (= Sesbania longifolia de Candolle). It is distinguished by rounded versus acute leaf apices and winged versus not winged legumes. In bloom, the yellow-orange corollas make S. drummondii clearly distinct from S. punicea; in fruit, identification is simplified by the acuminate versus pyramidal beak and wavy versus straight-edged wings.

Daubentonia texana Pierce is a superfluous name that pertains here.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

The range of Sesbania herbacea is expanding in North America and South America. It has been collected once in Ontario, as a waif.

Sesbania macrocarpa Muhlenberg ex Rafinesque is a superfluous illegitimate name that pertains here.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Source FNA vol. 11. FNA vol. 11.
Parent taxa Fabaceae > subfam. Faboideae > Sesbania Fabaceae > subfam. Faboideae > Sesbania
Sibling taxa
S. grandiflora, S. herbacea, S. punicea, S. sericea, S. vesicaria, S. virgata
S. drummondii, S. grandiflora, S. punicea, S. sericea, S. vesicaria, S. virgata
Synonyms Daubentonia drummondii Emerus herbacea, Aeschynomene emerus, Coronilla occidentalis, Darwinia exaltata, Emerus sesban var. occidentalis, S. cassioides, S. emerus, S. exaltata, S. microcarpa var. picta, S. occidentalis, S. sonorae
Name authority (Rydberg) Cory: Rhodora 38: 406. (1936) (Miller) McVaugh in R. McVaugh and W. R. Anderson: Fl. Novo-Galiciana 5: 695. (1987)
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