Sesbania drummondii |
Sesbania herbacea |
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poisonbean, rattlebush |
bigpod sesbania, coffee weed, Colorado River hemp, hemp sesbania, peatree, tall river-hemp |
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Habit | Shrubs or subshrubs, to 3 m. Stems glabrous in age; pith spongy. | Herbs, often woody at base, to 4.5 m. Stems sometimes with prickles along stem and leaf rachis, glabrous in age; pith spongy becoming septate. |
Leaves | 12–19 cm; stipules 0.2–0.4 cm, with inconspicuous inner fold throughout, inner fold and base with stipitate, multicellular glands or glabrous; pulvinus less than 1/2 as long as petiole; rachis ± glabrous, without stipitate glands in canal; stipels narrow obscure glands; leaflets 16–50+, blades elliptic-ovate to oblong, base acute, apex obtuse, surfaces glaucous, usually glabrous abaxially, sometimes with diffuse, close-pressed hairs. |
10–30+ cm; stipules 1–1.1 mm, with inner fold throughout, inner fold and base with stipitate, multicellular glands; pulvinus at least 1/2 as long as petiole; rachis glabrous, with stipitate glands in canal at base of each leaflet pair; stipels narrow, ± glandular; leaflets 20–80+, blades rectangular to oblong, base obtuse, apex truncate to obtuse, surfaces usually glabrous. |
Inflorescences | 1–12-flowered, racemes. |
1–18+-flowered, racemes. |
Peduncles | (0.9–)1.7–1.8(–3) cm. |
(0.2–)1.6–1.9(–4.2) cm. |
Flowers | (0.9–)1.3–1.5(–1.7) cm; calyx ± zygo-morphic, deciduous before fruits mature, lobes 5, short-deltate, rim of tube with spreading hairs, stalked glands usually present between abaxial lobes; corolla pale yellow; banner ovate, base truncate-obcordate, apex emarginate, calluses as relatively small ridges at claw base, forming a pocket, thickened, knoblike at top of claw; wings without basal tooth; keel ± same color throughout, apex rounded-obtuse, curved upward to slightly outward in apical tooth, without basal tooth; stamens curved upward; style curved upward with stamens; ovules 4–9. |
(1–)1.4–1.5(–1.9) cm; calyx actinomorphic, lobes 5, subulate–acuminate, rim of tube glabrous or with short hairs inside, stalked glands absent; corolla yellow-orange, banner with purple-maroon spots on outer surface; banner ovate to obovate, base truncate, apex obtuse-retuse, calluses as shallow ridges or winglike along claw, callus apices truncate to rounded with lobes less than 2 mm; wings with basal tooth (short, blunt); keel yellow, apex purple or maroon, rounded-acute, curved upward to inward towards banner, with basal tooth; stamens strongly curved inward within keel; style recurved towards banner; ovules (12–)29–36(–51). |
Legumes | light tan to reddish brown, 4-angled, with pronounced torulose wings, square in cross section, straight, (3.2–)5.7–6.2(–9.3) × 0.8(–0.9) mm, seed chambers clearly visible externally, beak short- to long-pyramidal, (0.4–)0.7–0.8(–1.3) cm, indehiscent or tardily dehiscent; stipe (1.1–)1.6(–2) cm. |
brown, with maroon-red mottling, narrow-elongate, terete to elliptic in cross section, straight to falcate, (8.3–)16.9–19.4(–23.5) × 0.3(–0.4) cm, beak connate, narrowly tapered, (0.3–)0.6–0.8(–1.1) cm, tardily elastic dehiscent; stipe (0.2–)0.5(–0.7) mm. |
Seeds | (1–)3 or 4(–9), dark reddish brown, without mottling, reniform-orbicular. |
(12–)29–36(–51), green-brown to reddish, often with purple-black mottling, columnar. |
2n | = 12. |
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Sesbania drummondii |
Sesbania herbacea |
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Phenology | Flowering summer–fall. | Flowering early summer–fall. |
Habitat | Wet areas, riparian on sandy soils, coastal sites, disturbed sites. | Wet areas, riparian, wetlands, coastal, disturbed sites. |
Elevation | 0–600 m. (0–2000 ft.) | 0–900 m. (0–3000 ft.) |
Distribution |
AL; AR; FL; GA; LA; MS; SC; TX; Mexico (Tamaulipas)
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AL; AZ; CA; FL; GA; IL; KS; KY; LA; MA; MD; MO; MS; NC; NJ; NY; OK; PA; SC; TN; TX; VA; Central America; South America; Mexico (Baja California, Colima, Nayarit, Oaxaca, Sinaloa, Sonora); West Indies
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Discussion | Sesbania drummondii is often mistaken for the Mexican species S. cavanillesii S. Watson (= Sesbania longifolia de Candolle). It is distinguished by rounded versus acute leaf apices and winged versus not winged legumes. In bloom, the yellow-orange corollas make S. drummondii clearly distinct from S. punicea; in fruit, identification is simplified by the acuminate versus pyramidal beak and wavy versus straight-edged wings. Daubentonia texana Pierce is a superfluous name that pertains here. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
The range of Sesbania herbacea is expanding in North America and South America. It has been collected once in Ontario, as a waif. Sesbania macrocarpa Muhlenberg ex Rafinesque is a superfluous illegitimate name that pertains here. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 11. | FNA vol. 11. |
Parent taxa | ||
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | Daubentonia drummondii | Emerus herbacea, Aeschynomene emerus, Coronilla occidentalis, Darwinia exaltata, Emerus sesban var. occidentalis, S. cassioides, S. emerus, S. exaltata, S. microcarpa var. picta, S. occidentalis, S. sonorae |
Name authority | (Rydberg) Cory: Rhodora 38: 406. (1936) | (Miller) McVaugh in R. McVaugh and W. R. Anderson: Fl. Novo-Galiciana 5: 695. (1987) |
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