Senna roemeriana |
Senna surattensis |
|
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Roemer senna, twoleaf senna, twoleaf wild sensitive plant |
glaucous senna, glossy shower |
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Habit | Herbs, perennial, to 0.7 m. Leaves slightly sclerophyllous, 2.5–9.5 cm, hairy; stipules caducous; extrafloral nectary 1, between leaflet pair, shortly stipitate; leaflet pairs 1, blades lanceolate-oblong or lanceolate, 20–70 × 4–14 mm. | Shrubs or trees, to 4(–6) m. Leaves mesophyllous, 8–18 cm, finely, densely hairy; stipules caducous; extrafloral nectaries 1–3, between first only, or also subsequent, leaflet pairs, sessile; leaflet pairs 6–10, blades obovate, obovate-elliptic, oblanceolate-obtuse, 20–50 × 8–20 mm. |
Racemes | 1–5-flowered; bracts caducous. |
usually 5–21-flowered; bracts late caducous. |
Pedicels | 9–16 mm. |
16–25 mm. |
Flowers | monosymmetric; calyx caducous, pale green; corolla yellow or orange-yellow, longest petal 12–17 mm; androecium not heterantherous, stamens 7, staminodes 3; anthers 2.2–3.3 mm, dehiscing by 1 apical pore, apical appendage 0; gynoecium nearly linear, ovules 22–40; ovary densely hairy; style slightly incurved. |
slightly asymmetric; calyx greenish; corolla pale yellow, longest petal 16–24 mm; androecium heterantherous, stamens 10, staminodes 0; anthers of 9 short stamens 4–5.2 mm, of 1 long stamen 4.5–6.5 mm, dehiscing by 2 pores, apical appendage 0; gynoecium slightly incurved, ovules 18–30; ovary slightly hairy; style slightly incurved. |
Legumes | erect, subcylindrical, straight or slightly curved, 20–35 × 4.5–6.5 mm, corrugated over seeds, dehiscing apically downward. |
somewhat pendulous, flat, slightly curved, 70–100 × 11–15 mm, slightly corrugated over seeds, indehiscent. |
Seeds | brown or pinkish brown, paddle-shaped or pyriform. |
dark reddish brown, oblong-ellipsoid. |
2n | = 28. |
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Senna roemeriana |
Senna surattensis |
|
Phenology | Flowering spring–early fall. | Flowering late winter–late fall. |
Habitat | Mesquite grasslands, chaparral, draws in shortgrass prairies, barren hillsides, desert washes, roadsides. | Habitat unknown. |
Elevation | 100–2000 m. (300–6600 ft.) | 0–10 m. (0–0 ft.) |
Distribution |
NM; OK; TX; Mexico (Chihuahua, Coahuila, Nuevo León)
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FL; Asia; Africa; Pacific Islands; Australia [Introduced in North America; introduced also in West Indies (Bahamas, Puerto Rico, Saint Vincent)] |
Discussion | Senna surattensis has been cultivated for centuries as an ornamental in tropical regions, making inference about its origin and native range of geographic distribution a matter of speculation (G. Bentham 1863–1878; D. E. Symon 1966; H. S. Irwin and R. C. Barneby 1982). In North America it is cultivated in California and Texas in addition to Florida (D. Isely 1998). Senna surattensis is often confused with S. multiglandulosa; they are similar in habit and widely cultivated, but S. surattensis possesses seven heterantherous stamens and three staminodes. The similar and closely related S. sulfurea (Colladon) H. S. Lewis & Barneby (with two long stamens instead of one) was considered a subspecies of S. surattensis by B. R. Randell (1989). (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
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Source | FNA vol. 11. | FNA vol. 11. |
Parent taxa | Fabaceae > subfam. Caesalpinioideae (excluding Mimosoid clade) > Senna | Fabaceae > subfam. Caesalpinioideae (excluding Mimosoid clade) > Senna |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | Cassia roemeriana, Earleocassia roemeriana | Cassia surattensis, C. fastigiata, C. suffruticosa, C. surattensis subsp. suffruticosa, Psilorhegma suffruticosa, S. speciosa |
Name authority | (Scheele) H. S. Irwin & Barneby: Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 35: 282. (1982) | (Burman f.) H. S. Irwin & Barneby: Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 35: 81. (1982) |
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